Pentedrone

α-propyl-N-methylcathinone

Sources

31 moderate · 10 weak

Studies and references cited across this article, graded by evidence strength.

Values approved

137/138 (99%)

Data points an editor reviewed and accepted for publication.

Value Provenance

Dosing

oraltrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Threshold	5 mg	5 mg	low
Low	5–15 mg	5–15 mg	low
Common	15–30 mg	15–30 mg	low
Strong	30–50 mg	30–50 mg	low
Heavy	50+ mg	50+ mg	low
Editorial	No controlled human dose-response data exist for pentedrone. Values carried forward from existing Psychedex database (community consensus). Pentedrone is a mid-potency synthetic cathinone NDRI; dose ranges are consistent with structural analogues in the cathinone series. All values require editorial verification.
	ReasoningReasoning No controlled human dose-response data exist for pentedrone. Values carried forward from existing Psychedex database (community consensus). Pentedrone is a mid-potency synthetic cathinone NDRI; dose ranges are consistent with structural analogues in the cathinone series. All values require editorial verification. Evidence basis: community_consensus_small

insufflatedtrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Threshold	3 mg	3 mg	low
Low	3–10 mg	3–10 mg	low
Common	10–25 mg	10–25 mg	low
Strong	25–40 mg	25–40 mg	low
Heavy	40+ mg	40+ mg	low
Editorial	No controlled human insufflated dose data for pentedrone. Values from existing database (community consensus). Insufflated doses are typically lower than oral due to faster absorption and higher bioavailability via nasal mucosa. N-ethylpentedrone human studies used 20-40 mg intranasally (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2023, 2025), providing rough calibration for the analogue.
	ReasoningReasoning No controlled human insufflated dose data for pentedrone. Values from existing database (community consensus). Insufflated doses are typically lower than oral due to faster absorption and higher bioavailability via nasal mucosa. N-ethylpentedrone human studies used 20-40 mg intranasally (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2023, 2025), providing rough calibration for the analogue. Evidence basis: community_consensus_small

Duration

oral

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Onsettrace	15–30 minutes	15–30 minutes	low
Editorial	From existing database (community consensus). No controlled oral pentedrone onset data published.
	ReasoningReasoning From existing database (community consensus). No controlled oral pentedrone onset data published. Evidence basis: community_consensus_small
Peaktrace	1–2 hours	1–2 hours	low
Editorial	From existing database (community consensus). Consistent with short-acting cathinone NDRI profile.
	ReasoningReasoning From existing database (community consensus). Consistent with short-acting cathinone NDRI profile. Evidence basis: community_consensus_small
Offsettrace	1–2 hours	1–2 hours	low
Editorial	From existing database (community consensus).
	ReasoningReasoning From existing database (community consensus). Evidence basis: community_consensus_small
Totaltrace	2–6 hours	2–6 hours	low
Editorial	From existing database (community consensus). Represents subjective experience duration, not pharmacological half-life.
	ReasoningReasoning From existing database (community consensus). Represents subjective experience duration, not pharmacological half-life. Evidence basis: community_consensus_small
After effectstrace	1–10 hours	1–10 hours	low
Editorial	From existing database. Wide range reflects variable aftereffect duration consistent with prolonged elimination half-life suggested by N-ethylpentedrone case data (Deville et al. 2023).
	ReasoningReasoning From existing database. Wide range reflects variable aftereffect duration consistent with prolonged elimination half-life suggested by N-ethylpentedrone case data (Deville et al. 2023). Evidence basis: community_consensus_small

insufflated

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Onsettrace	5–10 minutes	5–10 minutes	low
Editorial	From existing database (community consensus). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human data showing onset within 20 min insufflated (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025), consistent with faster intranasal absorption.
	ReasoningReasoning From existing database (community consensus). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human data showing onset within 20 min insufflated (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025), consistent with faster intranasal absorption. Evidence basis: community_consensus_small
Peaktrace	30–90 minutes	30–90 minutes	low
Editorial	From existing database (community consensus).
	ReasoningReasoning From existing database (community consensus). Evidence basis: community_consensus_small
Offsettrace	30–90 minutes	30–90 minutes	low
Editorial	From existing database (community consensus).
	ReasoningReasoning From existing database (community consensus). Evidence basis: community_consensus_small
Totaltrace	1–4 hours	1–4 hours	low
Editorial	From existing database. N-ethylpentedrone effects returned to baseline by 3-4 hours insufflated (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025), broadly consistent.
	ReasoningReasoning From existing database. N-ethylpentedrone effects returned to baseline by 3-4 hours insufflated (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025), broadly consistent. Evidence basis: community_consensus_small
After effectstrace	1–8 hours	1–8 hours	low
Editorial	From existing database. Prolonged aftereffects consistent with long apparent half-life from analogue case data.
	ReasoningReasoning From existing database. Prolonged aftereffects consistent with long apparent half-life from analogue case data. Evidence basis: community_consensus_small

Safety

Toxicity Profiletrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Acute	moderate	moderate	low
Chronic	moderate	moderate	low
Organs Affected	liver, cardiovascular, kidney, brain	liver, cardiovascular, kidney, brain	low
Editorial	Classified as moderate (acute and chronic): hepatotoxicity data is in vitro only (rat hepatocytes, HepaRG cells); severe intoxication case data derives from N-ethylpentedrone analogue, not pentedrone itself; neurotoxicity evidence is cell-line only (SH-SY5Y, PC12). Evidence discount applied — raw findings would suggest high, but all data is in vitro or analogue-extrapolated. No controlled human toxicity data exist for pentedrone.
	ReasoningReasoning Classified as moderate (acute and chronic): hepatotoxicity data is in vitro only (rat hepatocytes, HepaRG cells); severe intoxication case data derives from N-ethylpentedrone analogue, not pentedrone itself; neurotoxicity evidence is cell-line only (SH-SY5Y, PC12). Evidence discount applied — raw findings would suggest high, but all data is in vitro or analogue-extrapolated. No controlled human toxicity data exist for pentedrone. Evidence basis: animal_study

Dependence Profiletrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Physical	low	low	medium
Psychological	moderate	moderate	medium
Compulsive Redosing	high	high	medium
Dose Escalation	moderate	moderate	medium
Editorial	Conditioned place preference demonstrated for pentedrone itself (Duart-Castells et al. 2021). ΔFosB accumulation and withdrawal symptoms documented for N-ethylpentedrone analogue (Espinosa-Velasco et al. 2022). Compulsive redosing is a class-level behavioral concern for short-acting DAT blockers. Physical dependence rated low — withdrawal produces aggression and impaired social behavior in animal models but not life-threatening somatic symptoms.
	ReasoningReasoning Conditioned place preference demonstrated for pentedrone itself (Duart-Castells et al. 2021). ΔFosB accumulation and withdrawal symptoms documented for N-ethylpentedrone analogue (Espinosa-Velasco et al. 2022). Compulsive redosing is a class-level behavioral concern for short-acting DAT blockers. Physical dependence rated low — withdrawal produces aggression and impaired social behavior in animal models but not life-threatening somatic symptoms. Evidence basis: animal_study

Withdrawal Profiletrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Severity	mild	mild	low
Symptoms	irritability, aggression, impaired social behavior, fatigue, elevated stress hormones, anhedonia, insomnia	irritability, aggression, impaired social behavior, fatigue, elevated stress hormones, anhedonia, insomnia	low
Fatal	No	No	low
Medical Supervision	Not required	Not required	low
Editorial	Withdrawal profile inferred from N-ethylpentedrone animal model (Espinosa-Velasco et al. 2022): increased aggression, impaired social exploration, elevated plasma corticosterone, striatal dopamine depletion. Notably, depressive-like symptoms were absent. Human withdrawal timecourse not published — values estimated from stimulant class.
	ReasoningReasoning Withdrawal profile inferred from N-ethylpentedrone animal model (Espinosa-Velasco et al. 2022): increased aggression, impaired social exploration, elevated plasma corticosterone, striatal dopamine depletion. Notably, depressive-like symptoms were absent. Human withdrawal timecourse not published — values estimated from stimulant class. Evidence basis: animal_study

Tolerance Profiletrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Buildup	moderate	moderate	low
Half-life	5 days	5 days	low
Full Reset	10 days	10 days	low
Cross-tolerances	cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, other synthetic cathinones	cocaine, amphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, other synthetic cathinones	low
Editorial	Tolerance timecourse values from existing database (community consensus). Mechanism inferred from DAT-selective pharmacology. No published pentedrone-specific tolerance studies exist. Cross-tolerance list based on shared DAT blockade mechanism.
	ReasoningReasoning Tolerance timecourse values from existing database (community consensus). Mechanism inferred from DAT-selective pharmacology. No published pentedrone-specific tolerance studies exist. Cross-tolerance list based on shared DAT blockade mechanism. Evidence basis: community_consensus_small

Effects & Profile

Contraindications

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
psychiatric bipolar disordertrace	relative	relative	medium
Editorial	Standard contraindication for dopaminergic stimulants.
	ReasoningReasoning Standard contraindication for dopaminergic stimulants.
neurological epilepsytrace	absolute	absolute	medium
Editorial	Class-level contraindication for CNS stimulants.
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level contraindication for CNS stimulants.
pregnancy breastfeeding pregnancy and breastfeedingtrace	absolute	absolute	high
Editorial	Standard absolute contraindication for all stimulants in pregnancy.
	ReasoningReasoning Standard absolute contraindication for all stimulants in pregnancy.
other MAOI usetrace	absolute	absolute	high
Editorial	Standard absolute contraindication for all monoamine reuptake inhibitors combined with MAOIs.
	ReasoningReasoning Standard absolute contraindication for all monoamine reuptake inhibitors combined with MAOIs.
psychiatric psychotic disorderstrace	relative	relative	medium
Editorial	Class-level contraindication for dopaminergic stimulants. Paranoid ideation documented in cathinone surveys and persecution delusions in N-ethylpentedrone case.
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level contraindication for dopaminergic stimulants. Paranoid ideation documented in cathinone surveys and persecution delusions in N-ethylpentedrone case.
cardiovascular hypertensiontrace	absolute	absolute	medium
Editorial	Class-level sympathomimetic mechanism. N-ethylpentedrone human studies documented blood pressure increases (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). Severe intoxication case showed tachycardia (Deville et al. 2023).
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level sympathomimetic mechanism. N-ethylpentedrone human studies documented blood pressure increases (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). Severe intoxication case showed tachycardia (Deville et al. 2023).
cardiovascular coronary artery diseasetrace	absolute	absolute	medium
Editorial	Standard contraindication for all sympathomimetic stimulants.
	ReasoningReasoning Standard contraindication for all sympathomimetic stimulants.
cardiovascular cardiac arrhythmiastrace	absolute	absolute	medium
Editorial	Class-level inference from stimulant pharmacology.
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level inference from stimulant pharmacology.
hepatic hepatic impairmenttrace	relative	relative	medium
Editorial	Direct pentedrone in vitro hepatotoxicity data from Valente et al. 2016.
	ReasoningReasoning Direct pentedrone in vitro hepatotoxicity data from Valente et al. 2016.

Timeline Phases

oral

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Onsettrace	900–1800 sec(i=0.05)	900–1800 sec(i=0.05)	low
Editorial	Oral duration data derived from community consensus in the research brief (onset 15-30 min, peak 1-2 h, offset 1-2 h, aftereffects 1-10 h, total 2-6 h). No controlled human oral dosing studies for pentedrone exist. Values are plausible given the DAT/NET reuptake inhibitor mechanism and short-acting cathinone class profile.
	ReasoningReasoning Oral duration data derived from community consensus in the research brief (onset 15-30 min, peak 1-2 h, offset 1-2 h, aftereffects 1-10 h, total 2-6 h). No controlled human oral dosing studies for pentedrone exist. Values are plausible given the DAT/NET reuptake inhibitor mechanism and short-acting cathinone class profile.
Come uptrace	900–1800 sec(i=0.35)	900–1800 sec(i=0.35)	low
Editorial	Oral duration data derived from community consensus in the research brief (onset 15-30 min, peak 1-2 h, offset 1-2 h, aftereffects 1-10 h, total 2-6 h). No controlled human oral dosing studies for pentedrone exist. Values are plausible given the DAT/NET reuptake inhibitor mechanism and short-acting cathinone class profile.
	ReasoningReasoning Oral duration data derived from community consensus in the research brief (onset 15-30 min, peak 1-2 h, offset 1-2 h, aftereffects 1-10 h, total 2-6 h). No controlled human oral dosing studies for pentedrone exist. Values are plausible given the DAT/NET reuptake inhibitor mechanism and short-acting cathinone class profile.
Peaktrace	3600–7200 sec(i=1.00)	3600–7200 sec(i=1.00)	low
Editorial	Oral duration data derived from community consensus in the research brief (onset 15-30 min, peak 1-2 h, offset 1-2 h, aftereffects 1-10 h, total 2-6 h). No controlled human oral dosing studies for pentedrone exist. Values are plausible given the DAT/NET reuptake inhibitor mechanism and short-acting cathinone class profile.
	ReasoningReasoning Oral duration data derived from community consensus in the research brief (onset 15-30 min, peak 1-2 h, offset 1-2 h, aftereffects 1-10 h, total 2-6 h). No controlled human oral dosing studies for pentedrone exist. Values are plausible given the DAT/NET reuptake inhibitor mechanism and short-acting cathinone class profile.
Resolutiontrace	3600–7200 sec(i=0.30)	3600–7200 sec(i=0.30)	low
Editorial	Oral duration data derived from community consensus in the research brief (onset 15-30 min, peak 1-2 h, offset 1-2 h, aftereffects 1-10 h, total 2-6 h). No controlled human oral dosing studies for pentedrone exist. Values are plausible given the DAT/NET reuptake inhibitor mechanism and short-acting cathinone class profile.
	ReasoningReasoning Oral duration data derived from community consensus in the research brief (onset 15-30 min, peak 1-2 h, offset 1-2 h, aftereffects 1-10 h, total 2-6 h). No controlled human oral dosing studies for pentedrone exist. Values are plausible given the DAT/NET reuptake inhibitor mechanism and short-acting cathinone class profile.
Afterglowtrace	3600–36000 sec(i=0.05)	3600–36000 sec(i=0.05)	low
Editorial	Oral duration data derived from community consensus in the research brief (onset 15-30 min, peak 1-2 h, offset 1-2 h, aftereffects 1-10 h, total 2-6 h). No controlled human oral dosing studies for pentedrone exist. Values are plausible given the DAT/NET reuptake inhibitor mechanism and short-acting cathinone class profile.
	ReasoningReasoning Oral duration data derived from community consensus in the research brief (onset 15-30 min, peak 1-2 h, offset 1-2 h, aftereffects 1-10 h, total 2-6 h). No controlled human oral dosing studies for pentedrone exist. Values are plausible given the DAT/NET reuptake inhibitor mechanism and short-acting cathinone class profile.

insufflated

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Onsettrace	300–600 sec(i=0.05)	300–600 sec(i=0.05)	low
Editorial	Insufflated duration data from community consensus in the research brief (onset 5-10 min, peak 30-90 min, offset 30-90 min, aftereffects 1-8 h, total 1-4 h). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human observational data: onset within 20 minutes insufflated, return to baseline by 3-4 hours (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). No controlled pentedrone insufflated dosing studies exist.
	ReasoningReasoning Insufflated duration data from community consensus in the research brief (onset 5-10 min, peak 30-90 min, offset 30-90 min, aftereffects 1-8 h, total 1-4 h). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human observational data: onset within 20 minutes insufflated, return to baseline by 3-4 hours (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). No controlled pentedrone insufflated dosing studies exist.
Come uptrace	300–900 sec(i=0.40)	300–900 sec(i=0.40)	low
Editorial	Insufflated duration data from community consensus in the research brief (onset 5-10 min, peak 30-90 min, offset 30-90 min, aftereffects 1-8 h, total 1-4 h). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human observational data: onset within 20 minutes insufflated, return to baseline by 3-4 hours (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). No controlled pentedrone insufflated dosing studies exist.
	ReasoningReasoning Insufflated duration data from community consensus in the research brief (onset 5-10 min, peak 30-90 min, offset 30-90 min, aftereffects 1-8 h, total 1-4 h). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human observational data: onset within 20 minutes insufflated, return to baseline by 3-4 hours (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). No controlled pentedrone insufflated dosing studies exist.
Peaktrace	1800–5400 sec(i=1.00)	1800–5400 sec(i=1.00)	low
Editorial	Insufflated duration data from community consensus in the research brief (onset 5-10 min, peak 30-90 min, offset 30-90 min, aftereffects 1-8 h, total 1-4 h). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human observational data: onset within 20 minutes insufflated, return to baseline by 3-4 hours (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). No controlled pentedrone insufflated dosing studies exist.
	ReasoningReasoning Insufflated duration data from community consensus in the research brief (onset 5-10 min, peak 30-90 min, offset 30-90 min, aftereffects 1-8 h, total 1-4 h). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human observational data: onset within 20 minutes insufflated, return to baseline by 3-4 hours (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). No controlled pentedrone insufflated dosing studies exist.
Resolutiontrace	1800–5400 sec(i=0.25)	1800–5400 sec(i=0.25)	low
Editorial	Insufflated duration data from community consensus in the research brief (onset 5-10 min, peak 30-90 min, offset 30-90 min, aftereffects 1-8 h, total 1-4 h). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human observational data: onset within 20 minutes insufflated, return to baseline by 3-4 hours (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). No controlled pentedrone insufflated dosing studies exist.
	ReasoningReasoning Insufflated duration data from community consensus in the research brief (onset 5-10 min, peak 30-90 min, offset 30-90 min, aftereffects 1-8 h, total 1-4 h). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human observational data: onset within 20 minutes insufflated, return to baseline by 3-4 hours (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). No controlled pentedrone insufflated dosing studies exist.
Afterglowtrace	3600–28800 sec(i=0.05)	3600–28800 sec(i=0.05)	low
Editorial	Insufflated duration data from community consensus in the research brief (onset 5-10 min, peak 30-90 min, offset 30-90 min, aftereffects 1-8 h, total 1-4 h). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human observational data: onset within 20 minutes insufflated, return to baseline by 3-4 hours (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). No controlled pentedrone insufflated dosing studies exist.
	ReasoningReasoning Insufflated duration data from community consensus in the research brief (onset 5-10 min, peak 30-90 min, offset 30-90 min, aftereffects 1-8 h, total 1-4 h). Supported by N-ethylpentedrone human observational data: onset within 20 minutes insufflated, return to baseline by 3-4 hours (Nuñez-Montero et al. 2025). No controlled pentedrone insufflated dosing studies exist.

Dose Tier Summaries

thresholdtrace

low

At threshold doses, pentedrone produces barely perceptible stimulation — a mild lift in alertness and mood that could be mistaken for caffeine. Slight motivation enhancement and faint appetite suppression may be noticed. Effects are sub-euphoric and easily overlooked. Physically, minor increases in heart rate and very slight pupil dilation may occur. Sleep disruption is unlikely at this level, and functional impairment is negligible.

Editorial

No controlled human dose data exist for pentedrone. Threshold estimated from community consensus for synthetic cathinone stimulants of similar potency class. All values require editorial verification.

Reasoning

Evidence basis: community_consensus_small

lighttrace

low

At light doses, pentedrone produces noticeable stimulation with mild cognitive euphoria — a sense of increased mental clarity, thought acceleration, and motivation enhancement. Wakefulness is clearly elevated. Appetite suppression becomes apparent. Social effects may include increased talkativeness and confidence. Physically, heart rate increase becomes perceptible, along with slight vasoconstriction and mild jaw tension. Temperature may rise slightly. Sleep is difficult for several hours after dosing. The urge to redose may begin to emerge at this level.

Editorial

Inferred from community cathinone reports and the DAT-selective NDRI mechanism profile. No controlled pentedrone dosing studies exist. Subjective character based on pharmacological analogy with cocaine/methylphenidate-class compounds.

Reasoning

Evidence basis: community_consensus_small

commontrace

low

At common doses, pentedrone's full stimulant profile manifests: pronounced cognitive euphoria, strong motivation enhancement, thought acceleration, and marked wakefulness. Focus intensification can produce a driven, task-oriented state. Appetite suppression is strong. Entactogenic effects are notably absent — the experience is primarily dopaminergic rather than serotonergic. Cardiovascular effects become significant: elevated heart rate, increased blood pressure, and vasoconstriction. Jaw tension (bruxism), sweating, and mydriasis are typical. Body temperature rises modestly. The compulsive redosing urge is prominent at this range due to the short peak duration. Sleep is impossible for 2–4 hours after the last dose. Aftereffects include residual stimulation, irritability, and potential low mood as dopaminergic effects wane.

Editorial

Based on community cathinone consensus, user survey data (Ashrafioun et al. 2016 — increased energy, rapid heartbeat, racing thoughts, insomnia, euphoria, decreased appetite), and the DAT/NET-selective NDRI mechanism. No controlled human dose-response data for pentedrone.

Reasoning

Evidence basis: community_consensus_small

strongtrace

low

At strong doses, stimulation becomes intense and potentially uncomfortable. Cognitive euphoria may transition to anxious overstimulation with racing thoughts, restlessness, and difficulty focusing. Paranoid ideation may begin to emerge. The compulsive redosing urge intensifies significantly. Cardiovascular strain is substantial: pronounced tachycardia, hypertension, and vasoconstriction. Bruxism, sweating, tremor, and mydriasis are prominent. Hyperthermia risk increases, particularly during physical activity or in warm environments. Appetite is completely suppressed. Sleep is impossible for 4–6 hours post-dose. The comedown is marked by irritability, dysphoria, and fatigue as dopamine depletion takes effect. Psychological distress risk escalates with repeated dosing at this level.

Editorial

Inferred from cathinone class reports, user surveys, and pharmacological mechanism. Paranoid ideation at higher doses is documented in cathinone literature. Cardiovascular effects scaled from analogue and class data.

Reasoning

Evidence basis: community_consensus_small

heavytrace

low

At heavy doses, pentedrone produces severe sympathomimetic toxicity risk. Stimulation is extreme and dysphoric — anxiety, paranoia, agitation, and possible psychotic symptoms dominate the experience. Thought acceleration becomes uncontrollable racing thoughts. The compulsive redosing urge is overwhelming. Cardiovascular emergency risk is significant: severe tachycardia, dangerous hypertension, and hyperthermia. Rhabdomyolysis, metabolic acidosis, and renal failure have been documented in severe cathinone intoxications. Seizure threshold is lowered. The N-ethylpentedrone case report documents blood concentrations exceeding 2,000 ng/mL producing coma, organ failure, and near-fatal outcome requiring ICU admission. Sleep deprivation compounds toxicity across all organ systems. This dose range carries acute life-threatening risk.

Editorial

Extrapolated from cathinone class toxicity data and the N-ethylpentedrone severe intoxication case (Deville et al. 2023). No controlled data define pentedrone's heavy dose threshold specifically. Safety-critical content — all values require editorial review.

Reasoning

Evidence basis: community_consensus_small

History

current version

published Oct 2, 2026system—

versions

2 total · since previous: +0 / −0 citations

publication ledger

publish Oct 2, 2026 · by agent-psx

backfill Jun 4, 2026

Historical versions do not record which reviewer approved them; editorial accountability is recorded per value in the database and in the publication ledger going forward.

full version history suggest a correction contact@psychedex.org

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moderate
S-(+)-Pentedrone and R-(+)-methylone as the most oxidative and cytotoxic enantiomers to dopaminergic SH-SY5Y cells: Role of MRP1 and P-gp in cathinones enantioselectivity
Silva B, Palmeira A, Silva R, Fernandes C, Guedes de Pinho P, Remiao F · 2021 · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
doi.org/10.1016/j.taap.2021.115442 pubmed 33609514no claims checked
[21]
moderate
The utility of silica hydride-based stationary phases for ultra high performance liquid chromatography separation of synthetic cathinone positional isomers
Ploumen C, Marginean I, Lurie IS · 2020 · Journal of separation science
doi.org/10.1002/jssc.202000599 pubmed 32628806no claims checked
[22]
moderate
Structure-Activity Relationship of Novel Second-Generation Synthetic Cathinones: Mechanism of Action, Locomotion, Reward, and Immediate-Early Genes
Nadal-Gratacós N, Alberto-Silva AS, Rodríguez-Soler M, et al. · 2021 · Frontiers in Pharmacology
doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.749429 pubmed 34764870no claims checked
[23]
moderate
GC-MS/MS Determination of N-ethyl Pentedrone and N-ethyl Hexedrone in Oral Fluid and Sweat after Controlled Administration
Nuñez-Montero M, Lombroni C, Maida N, et al. · 2023 · International journal of molecular sciences
doi.org/10.3390/ijms24119387 pubmed 37298339no claims checked
[24]
moderate
Acute Pharmacological Effects of Two Synthetic Cathinones in Humans: N-Ethylhexedrone and N-Ethyl-nor-pentedrone
Núñez-Montero M, Pérez-Mañá C, Hladun O, et al. · 2025 · Pharmaceuticals (Basel)
doi.org/10.3390/ph18050721 pubmed 40430539no claims checked
[25]
moderate
Testing for designer stimulants: metabolic profiles of 16 synthetic cathinones excreted free in human urine.
Uralets V, Rana S, Morgan S, Ross W · 2014 · Journal of Analytical Toxicology
doi.org/10.1093/jat/bku021 pubmed 24668489no claims checked
[26]
moderate
Analytical Challenges in Detecting NPS in Anti-Doping: A Proof-of-Concept Involving Pentedrone Metabolite
Kwiatkowska D, Peta B, Grucza K, et al. · 2026 · Drug testing and analysis
doi.org/10.1002/dta.70047 pubmed 41713878no claims checked
[27]
moderate
Binding studies of synthetic cathinones to human serum albumin by high-performance affinity chromatography
Almeida AS, Cardoso T, Cravo S, et al. · 2023 · Journal of chromatography B
doi.org/10.1016/j.jchromb.2023.123836 pubmed 37494753no claims checked
[28]
moderate
In vitro cytochrome P450 inhibition potential of methylenedioxy-derived designer drugs studied with a two-cocktail approach
Dinger J, Meyer MR, Maurer HH · 2016 · Archives of toxicology
doi.org/10.1007/s00204-014-1412-6 pubmed 25417051no claims checked
[29]
moderate
Neurotoxicology of Synthetic Cathinone Analogs
Angoa-Perez M, Anneken JH, Kuhn DM · 2017 · Current Topics in Behavioral Neurosciences
doi.org/10.1007/7854_2016_21 pubmed 27753008no claims checked
[30]
moderate
Structure-Activity Relationships of Substituted Cathinones, with Transporter Binding, Uptake, and Release
Eshleman AJ, Wolfrum KM, Reed JF, Kim SO, Swanson T, Johnson RA, Janowsky A · 2017 · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
doi.org/10.1124/jpet.116.236349 pubmed 27799294no claims checked
[31]
moderate
Do 2-(Benzoyl)piperidines Represent a Novel Class of hDAT Reuptake Inhibitors?
Jones CB, Eltit JM, Dukat M · 2023 · ACS chemical neuroscience
doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00666 pubmed 36745029no claims checked
[32]
weak
Detection of legal highs in the urine of methadone-treated patient by LC-MS
Labuz K, Adamowicz P, Kała M, Pyrc K, Reszke E, Mielczarek P, Silberring J, Smoluch M · 2019 · Basic & clinical pharmacology & toxicology
doi.org/10.1111/bcpt.13270 pubmed 31188528no claims checked
[33]
moderate
Patterns of Use, Acute Subjective Experiences, and Motivations for Using Synthetic Cathinones in Recreational Users
Ashrafioun L, Bonadio FA, Baik KD, et al. · 2016 · Journal of psychoactive drugs
pubmed 27681583no claims checked
[34]
weak
Hyperthermia and multiorgan failure after abuse of 'bath salts' containing 3,4-methylenedioxypyrovalerone
Borek HA, Holstege CP · 2012 · Annals of Emergency Medicine
doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.01.005 pubmed 22387085no claims checked
[35]
weak
Fatal intoxication involving 4-methylpentedrone (4-MPD) in a context of chemsex
Cartiser N, Sahy A, Advenier AS, et al. · 2021 · Forensic science international
doi.org/10.1016/j.forsciint.2020.110659 pubmed 33370656no claims checked
[36]
moderate
Emerging drugs of abuse: current perspectives on substituted cathinones
Debruyne D, Loilier M, Cesbron A, Le Boisselier R, Bourgine J · 2014 · Substance Abuse and Rehabilitation
doi.org/10.2147/sar.s37257 pubmed 24966713no claims checked
[37]
moderate
The role of syringe residue analysis in identifying substances consumed in sexualized drug use practices
Pernas-Fraguela C, Rodil R, Quintana JB, et al. · 2026 · Journal of pharmaceutical and biomedical analysis
doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2025.117311 pubmed 41385806no claims checked
[38]
moderate
Locomotor stimulant and drug discrimination effects of five synthetic cathinones in rodents
Gatch MB, Hill RD, Shetty RA, et al. · 2025 · Pharmacology, biochemistry, and behavior
doi.org/10.1016/j.pbb.2025.174100 pubmed 40975318no claims checked
[39]
moderate
Comparison of locomotor stimulant and drug discrimination effects of four synthetic cathinones to commonly abused psychostimulants
Shetty RA, Hoch AC, Sumien N, Forster MJ, Gatch MB · 2023 · Journal of psychopharmacology
doi.org/10.1177/02698811221142566 pubmed 36738095no claims checked
[40]
weak
Pentedrone - UNODC Substance Details
United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime · 2024
linkno claims checked
[41]
moderate
Scheduling synthetic cathinone substances under the Controlled Substances Act
Bonson KR, Dalton T, Chiapperino D · 2019 · Psychopharmacology
doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-5129-8 pubmed 30969348no claims checked

Claim Verification

No claim verification has run for this version.

Coverage & Gaps

effect links

98 links · 97 approved · 26 audited1/98 with evidence basis

interactions

3 approved pairs0/3 graded

Pentedrone

Value Provenance

Dosing

oraltrace →

insufflatedtrace →

Duration

oral

insufflated

Safety

Toxicity Profiletrace →

Dependence Profiletrace →

Withdrawal Profiletrace →

Tolerance Profiletrace →

Effects & Profile

Contraindications

Timeline Phases

oral

insufflated

Dose Tier Summaries

History

Sources

Claim Verification

Coverage & Gaps

oraltrace

insufflatedtrace

Toxicity Profiletrace

Dependence Profiletrace

Withdrawal Profiletrace

Tolerance Profiletrace