MXiPr

N-ethyldeschloroketamine (2-Oxo-PCE): One fatal case reported by Theofel et al. (2019), with femoral blood concentration of 375 µg/L. The decedent had co-administered venlafaxine (SNRI).supported

Fatal case of N-ethyldeschloroketamine (2-Oxo-PCE, a direct structural analog of MXiPr) combined with venlafaxine. Concentrations: femoral blood 375 µg/L. bky063

2-Fluorodeschloroketamine (2-FDCK): Two fatal cases reported by Riess et al. (2024), with blood concentrations of 758 and 5,885 µg/L.partially supported

Forensic case series: 2 deaths and 1 self-mutilation involving 2-FDCK; blood concentrations 457-5885 µg/L. bkae021

2F-DCK and 3-MeO-PCE combination: One fatal intoxication reported by Gicquel et al. (2021).supported

Fatal intoxication involving 2F-DCK and 3-MeO-PCE, both arylcyclohexylamine NPS. j.forsciint.2021.110852

Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

No case reports in published literature confirm this for MXiPr specifically, though NMDA antagonists as a class can affect seizure threshold.supported

Comprehensive review of designer drug mechanisms and adverse effects. Covers NMDA antagonists, dissociative NPS, cardiovascular effects, psychological risks. s00204-020-02693-7

Acute psychological distress: Anxiety, paranoia, and confusion during the acute phase, particularly at higher doses or in unfamiliar settings.supported

Comprehensive review of designer drug mechanisms and adverse effects. Covers NMDA antagonists, dissociative NPS, cardiovascular effects, psychological risks. s00204-020-02693-7

Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

Self-medication risk: The antidepressant-like properties observed for ketamine and MXE may attract self-medication use, creating patterns of escalating frequency.supported

Comprehensive review of ketamine pharmacology at NMDA, opioid, sigma, and other receptors. Covers antidepressant mechanisms, metabolites, stereochemistry. pr.117.015198

Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

The fatal case of N-ethyldeschloroketamine reported by Theofel et al. (2019) involved co-presence of morphine, oxycodone, and other compounds, illustrating the danger of polydrug use in this class.partially supported

Fatal case of N-ethyldeschloroketamine (2-Oxo-PCE) combined with venlafaxine. Concentrations: femoral blood 375 µg/L, liver 6137 ng/g. DCK also detected in urine. bky063

Serotonergic agent combinations carry potential risk if MXiPr shares the SERT affinity demonstrated for MXEsupported

MXE and PCP analogues showed appreciable affinities for serotonin transporter. journal.pone.0059334

The fatal case reported by Theofel et al. (2019) involved co-administration with venlafaxine (SNRI), though the specific contribution of serotonergic interaction to the fatality was not established.supported

Fatal case of N-ethyldeschloroketamine (2-Oxo-PCE, a direct structural analog of MXiPr) combined with venlafaxine. bky063

Hepatic impairment: MXiPr undergoes extensive hepatic metabolism. Impaired hepatic function may prolong drug exposure and increase toxicity risk.supported

Phase I/II metabolism of 5 DCK derivatives including deschloro-N-isopropyl-ketamine (MXiPr) in rats and pooled human liver microsomes. Main pathways: N-dealkylation, hydroxylation, multiple oxidations, glucuronidation, N-acetylation. metabo14050270

Seizure disorders: User reports of seizures at high doses and the class-level seizure threshold effects of NMDA antagonists indicate increased risk for individuals with epilepsy or lowered seizure threshold.supported

Comprehensive review of designer drug mechanisms and adverse effects. Covers NMDA antagonists, dissociative NPS, cardiovascular effects, psychological risks. s00204-020-02693-7

It inhibits NMDA receptor currents with an IC₅₀ of 0.661 µM in murine electrophysiology, placing its receptor-level potency between methoxetamine (MXE; IC₅₀ = 0.524 µM) and deoxymethoxetamine (DMXE; IC₅₀ = 0.679 µM)supported

IC50 values at NMDA receptors (patch-clamp, NMDAR-expressing cartwheel interneurons, mice): MXiPr = 0.661 µM; MXE = 0.524 µM; DMXE = 0.679 µM j.jphs.2022.09.005

Claim in summary — not_supportednot supportedworking →

It emerged as part of a wave of N-alkyl-substituted MXE analogs designed to circumvent the scheduling of MXE across multiple jurisdictionssupported

Historical context of arylcyclohexylamine analogs on illicit markets, pharmacology, and design rationale. 164_2018_148

It emerged as part of a wave of N-alkyl-substituted MXE analogs designed to circumvent the scheduling of MXE across multiple jurisdictionssupported

arylcyclohexylamine class history from 1950s through internet-era designer drug emergence. 164_2018_124

As of 2026, only two peer-reviewed studies provide substance-specific data: one pharmacological characterization measuring NMDA IC₅₀ and one forensic identification reportsupported

IC50 values at NMDA receptors (patch-clamp, NMDAR-expressing cartwheel interneurons, mice): MXiPr = 0.661 µM j.jphs.2022.09.005

As of 2026, only two peer-reviewed studies provide substance-specific data: one pharmacological characterization measuring NMDA IC₅₀ and one forensic identification reportsupported

MXiPr (2-(isopropylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one) identified alongside MXPr and DMXE in seized illegal products in Japan. NMDA receptor antagonism confirmed. yakushi.21-00235

As an arylcyclohexylamine, MXiPr produces dissociation through open-channel blockade of NMDA receptors — the same mechanism underlying ketamine and PCPsupported

Comprehensive review of ketamine pharmacology at NMDA, opioid, sigma, and other receptors. pr.117.015198

No LD₅₀ has been established, and no human fatalities attributed solely to MXiPr appear in published literature — though fatal cases involving structurally related arylcyclohexylamines have been reported, typically in polydrug contextssupported

Fatal case of N-ethyldeschloroketamine (2-Oxo-PCE, a direct structural analog of MXiPr) combined with venlafaxine. bky063

No LD₅₀ has been established, and no human fatalities attributed solely to MXiPr appear in published literature — though fatal cases involving structurally related arylcyclohexylamines have been reported, typically in polydrug contextssupported

Forensic case series: 2 deaths and 1 self-mutilation involving 2-FDCK; DCK detected as co-drug. bkae021

Tolerance develops with repeated use and cross-generalizes within the NMDA antagonist classsupported

Comprehensive review of designer drug mechanisms and adverse effects. Covers NMDA antagonists, dissociative NPS, cardiovascular effects, psychological risks. s00204-020-02693-7

MXiPr acts primarily as an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist — it blocks the ion channel pore of the NMDA receptor in an open-channel, use-dependent manner, the same mechanism established for ketamine, PCP, and MXE.supported

Comprehensive review of ketamine pharmacology at NMDA, opioid, sigma, and other receptors. pr.117.015198

MXiPr acts primarily as an uncompetitive NMDA receptor antagonist — it blocks the ion channel pore of the NMDA receptor in an open-channel, use-dependent manner, the same mechanism established for ketamine, PCP, and MXE.supported

Review of dissociative NPS including beta-keto-arylcyclohexylamines (MXE, DCK, 2-FDCK). Historical context of arylcyclohexylamine analogs on illicit markets, pharmacology, and design rationale. 164_2018_148

Irie et al. (2022) determined the IC₅₀ of MXiPr at NMDA receptors to be 0.661 µM using patch-clamp electrophysiology in NMDAR-expressing cartwheel interneurons of mouse dorsal cochlear nucleussupported

IC50 values at NMDA receptors (patch-clamp, NMDAR-expressing cartwheel interneurons, mice): MXiPr = 0.661 µM j.jphs.2022.09.005

MXE and related β-keto-arylcyclohexylamines demonstrate sigma receptor affinity, but no published binding study has evaluated MXiPr at sigma receptorssupported

PCP analogues exhibited high affinities for sigma receptors. journal.pone.0059334

Similarly, Roth et al. (2013) demonstrated that MXE possesses affinity for the serotonin transporter (SERT)supported

MXE and PCP analogues showed appreciable affinities for serotonin transporter. journal.pone.0059334

Frankenfeld et al. (2024) conducted the most detailed published study of MXiPr metabolism, examining five deschloroketamine derivatives in male Wistar rats (in vivo, urine collected over 24 hours at 2 mg/kg body weight) and pooled human liver microsomes (in vitro)supported

Phase I/II metabolism of 5 DCK derivatives including deschloro-N-isopropyl-ketamine (MXiPr) in rats and pooled human liver microsomes. metabo14050270

Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

The analogous metabolism of the N-propyl congener MXPr includes N-despropyl(nor)MXPr, O-desmethyl MXPr, and dihydroMXPr.supported

Metabolites: N-despropyl(nor)MXPr, O-desmethyl MXPr, dihydroMXPr. j.forsciint.2022.111215

Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

Claim in history — not_supportednot supportedworking →

This modification exemplifies a broader pattern in NPS design — minor N-alkyl substitution variations intended to circumvent generic scheduling definitions while preserving the pharmacological core of the parent compoundsupported

Historical context of arylcyclohexylamine analogs on illicit markets, pharmacology, and design rationale. 164_2018_148

This modification exemplifies a broader pattern in NPS design — minor N-alkyl substitution variations intended to circumvent generic scheduling definitions while preserving the pharmacological core of the parent compoundsupported

arylcyclohexylamine class history from 1950s through internet-era designer drug emergence. 164_2018_124

Tanaka et al. (2022) reported the identification of MXiPr alongside MXPr and DMXE in seized illegal products in Japan, representing the first published forensic identification of the compoundsupported

MXiPr (2-(isopropylamino)-2-(3-methoxyphenyl)cyclohexan-1-one) identified alongside MXPr and DMXE in seized illegal products in Japan. yakushi.21-00235

Irie et al. (2022), from the same research group at the National Institute of Health Sciences (Japan), subsequently published the first — and, as of 2026, only — pharmacological characterization, measuring NMDA receptor IC₅₀ via patch-clamp electrophysiologysupported

IC50 values at NMDA receptors (patch-clamp, NMDAR-expressing cartwheel interneurons, mice): MXiPr = 0.661 µM j.jphs.2022.09.005

The authors explicitly identified MXiPr and DMXE as 'serious concerns' given their potent NMDAR blockade and online availability since 2020.supported

MXiPr and DMXE sold online as designer drugs since 2020. j.jphs.2022.09.005

The French Addictovigilance Network has flagged MXiPr in the context of emerging ketamine analogue use patternssupported

Characterizes patterns of use, user profiles, and associated health outcomes for emerging ketamine analogues (including MXiPr class) reported to the French Addictovigilance Network. j.drugpo.2026.105326

Frankenfeld et al. (2024) conducted the most detailed published metabolic study of MXiPr, examining five deschloroketamine derivatives in male Wistar rats (in vivo, urine collected over 24 hours following administration at 2 mg/kg body weight) and pooled human liver microsomes (in vitro)supported

Phase I/II metabolism of 5 DCK derivatives including deschloro-N-isopropyl-ketamine (MXiPr) in rats and pooled human liver microsomes. metabo14050270

Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

For comparative context, the analogous metabolism of MXPr (the N-propyl congener) includes N-despropyl(nor)MXPr, O-desmethyl MXPr, and dihydroMXPrsupported

Metabolites: N-despropyl(nor)MXPr, O-desmethyl MXPr, dihydroMXPr. j.forsciint.2022.111215

The O-desmethyl metabolite is of particular pharmacological interest: O-desmethyl MXE is the most potent NMDA antagonist in the MXE derivative series tested by Irie et al. (2022), with an IC₅₀ of 0.227 µM — approximately 2.3-fold more potent than MXE and 2.9-fold more potent than MXiPrsupported

O-desmethyl MXE = 0.227 µM; MXE = 0.524 µM; MXiPr = 0.661 µM. j.jphs.2022.09.005

Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

Urinary excretion of MXiPr metabolites has been demonstrated in rats, with metabolites detectable in 24-hour urine collectionssupported

Phase I/II metabolism of 5 DCK derivatives including deschloro-N-isopropyl-ketamine (MXiPr) in rats... 29 phase I and 10 phase II metabolites detected. metabo14050270

Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

Ketamine studies demonstrate that NMDA antagonism preferentially affects GABAergic cortical interneurons, producing a paradoxical increase in glutamate release in prefrontal regions — the 'glutamate surge' — that is thought to underlie both the acute psychotomimetic effects and the delayed antidepressant responsesupported

Comprehensive review of ketamine pharmacology at NMDA, opioid, sigma, and other receptors. Covers antidepressant mechanisms, metabolites, stereochemistry. pr.117.015198

Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

What is the contribution of MXiPr's metabolites to its overall pharmacological and neurological profile? The O-desmethyl metabolite of MXE is 2.3× more potent at NMDA receptors — does an analogous metabolite of MXiPr contribute to or extend its effects?supported

O-desmethyl MXE = 0.227 µM; MXE = 0.524 µM; MXiPr = 0.661 µM. j.jphs.2022.09.005

The sole published pharmacological measurement for MXiPr is an IC₅₀ of 0.661 µM at NMDA receptors, determined by Irie et al. (2022) using whole-cell patch-clamp electrophysiology in cartwheel interneurons of the mouse dorsal cochlear nucleussupported

IC50 values at NMDA receptors (patch-clamp, NMDAR-expressing cartwheel interneurons, mice): MXiPr = 0.661 µM j.jphs.2022.09.005

The following IC₅₀ values were measured under identical conditions by Irie et al. (2022):supported

IC50 values at NMDA receptors (patch-clamp, NMDAR-expressing cartwheel interneurons, mice): MXiPr = 0.661 µM; MXE = 0.524 µM; DMXE = 0.679 µM; N-desethyl MXE = 1.649 µM; O-desmethyl MXE = 0.227 µM. j.jphs.2022.09.005

Sigma-1 receptor: MXE and related β-keto-arylcyclohexylamines demonstrate sigma receptor affinity. Whether MXiPr acts as a sigma-1 agonist has not been tested.partially supported

MXE and PCP analogues showed appreciable affinities for serotonin transporter; PCP analogues exhibited high affinities for sigma receptors. journal.pone.0059334

Serotonin transporter (SERT): MXE possesses SERT affinity. The N-isopropyl substitution may alter SERT binding relative to the N-ethyl parent, but no data exist.supported

MXE and PCP analogues showed appreciable affinities for serotonin transporter. journal.pone.0059334

Frankenfeld et al. (2024) designate MXiPr as 'deschloro-N-isopropyl-ketamine,' placing it within the deschloroketamine derivative seriessupported

Phase I/II metabolism of 5 DCK derivatives including deschloro-N-isopropyl-ketamine (MXiPr) metabo14050270

Seibert et al. (2025) developed enantioseparation methods for 11 ketamine derivatives including MXiPr, using capillary electrophoresis with UV detection (CE-UV) and HPLC-UV with optical rotation detectionsupported

Chiral separation methods (CE and HPLC) tested on 11 ketamine derivatives including MXiPr. separations12020044

For reference, S-ketamine is approximately twice as potent as R-ketamine at NMDA receptors; whether MXiPr exhibits comparable enantioselectivity is unknown.supported

Comprehensive review of ketamine pharmacology at NMDA, opioid, sigma, and other receptors. Covers antidepressant mechanisms, metabolites, stereochemistry. pr.117.015198

All values from Irie et al. (2022).supported

IC50 values at NMDA receptors (patch-clamp, NMDAR-expressing cartwheel interneurons, mice): MXiPr = 0.661 µM; MXE = 0.524 µM; DMXE = 0.679 µM; N-desethyl MXE = 1.649 µM; O-desmethyl MXE = 0.227 µM. j.jphs.2022.09.005

The only direct pharmacological comparison available for MXiPr derives from Irie et al. (2022), who measured NMDA receptor IC₅₀ values for MXiPr and four structurally related MXE derivatives under identical assay conditions (patch-clamp electrophysiology, mouse cartwheel interneurons).supported

IC50 values at NMDA receptors (patch-clamp, NMDAR-expressing cartwheel interneurons, mice): MXiPr = 0.661 µM; MXE = 0.524 µM; DMXE = 0.679 µM; N-desethyl MXE = 1.649 µM; O-desmethyl MXE = 0.227 µM. j.jphs.2022.09.005

The broader arylcyclohexylamine class does include clinically developed compounds: ketamine has extensive clinical use as an anesthetic and is approved (as the S-enantiomer, esketamine) for treatment-resistant depressionsupported

Comprehensive review of ketamine pharmacology at NMDA, opioid, sigma, and other receptors. Covers antidepressant mechanisms, metabolites, stereochemistry. pr.117.015198