LAE-32

lysergic acid ethylamide

Sources

3 strong · 11 moderate · 5 weak

Studies and references cited across this article, graded by evidence strength.

Values approved

217/217 (100%)

Data points an editor reviewed and accepted for publication.

Value Provenance

Dosing

oraltrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Threshold	250 µg	250 µg	low
Low	250–500 µg	250–500 µg	low
Common	500–1500 µg	500–1500 µg	low
Strong	1500–2500 µg	1500–2500 µg	low
Heavy	2500+ µg	2500+ µg	low
Editorial	Common range (500-1500 µg) from existing DB seed data, consistent with secondary citations of Giberti & Gregoretti 1958. Threshold (~250 µg) extrapolated from LSD potency ratio (~10-20x, LSD threshold ~25 µg). Light (250-500 µg), strong (1500-2500 µg), and heavy (2500+ µg) inferred from structural analog LSD with widened ranges. No controlled dose-finding study exists for LAE-32. All tiers except common are structural analog inferences.
	ReasoningReasoning Common range (500-1500 µg) from existing DB seed data, consistent with secondary citations of Giberti & Gregoretti 1958. Threshold (~250 µg) extrapolated from LSD potency ratio (~10-20x, LSD threshold ~25 µg). Light (250-500 µg), strong (1500-2500 µg), and heavy (2500+ µg) inferred from structural analog LSD with widened ranges. No controlled dose-finding study exists for LAE-32. All tiers except common are structural analog inferences. Evidence basis: structural_analogy

Duration

oral

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Totaltrace	4–10 hours	4–10 hours	medium
Editorial	Existing DB seed value (4-10 hours), consistent with secondary sources describing LAE-32 as shorter-lasting than LSD (8-12 hours). Giberti & Gregoretti 1958 (secondary citations).
	ReasoningReasoning Existing DB seed value (4-10 hours), consistent with secondary sources describing LAE-32 as shorter-lasting than LSD (8-12 hours). Giberti & Gregoretti 1958 (secondary citations). Evidence basis: community_consensus_large
Onsettrace	30–60 minutes	30–60 minutes	low
Editorial	Inferred from LSD class onset (~30-60 min oral). No LAE-32-specific onset data. Structural analog inference from LSD.
	ReasoningReasoning Inferred from LSD class onset (~30-60 min oral). No LAE-32-specific onset data. Structural analog inference from LSD. Evidence basis: structural_analogy
Come uptrace	30–60 minutes	30–60 minutes	low
Editorial	Inferred from LSD class come-up duration. No LAE-32-specific data. Structural analog inference from LSD.
	ReasoningReasoning Inferred from LSD class come-up duration. No LAE-32-specific data. Structural analog inference from LSD. Evidence basis: structural_analogy
Peaktrace	1.5–3 hours	1.5–3 hours	low
Editorial	Inferred from work-notes: shorter peak than LSD, consistent with shorter total duration. Structural analog inference from LSD with adjustment for LAE-32's 4-10 hour total.
	ReasoningReasoning Inferred from work-notes: shorter peak than LSD, consistent with shorter total duration. Structural analog inference from LSD with adjustment for LAE-32's 4-10 hour total. Evidence basis: structural_analogy
Offsettrace	1–3 hours	1–3 hours	low
Editorial	Inferred from LSD class offset duration, adjusted proportionally for LAE-32's shorter total duration. Structural analog inference.
	ReasoningReasoning Inferred from LSD class offset duration, adjusted proportionally for LAE-32's shorter total duration. Structural analog inference. Evidence basis: structural_analogy
After effectstrace	2–12 hours	2–12 hours	low
Editorial	Inferred from LSD class aftereffects duration. Wide range reflects uncertainty. No LAE-32-specific data.
	ReasoningReasoning Inferred from LSD class aftereffects duration. Wide range reflects uncertainty. No LAE-32-specific data. Evidence basis: structural_analogy

Safety

Toxicity Profiletrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Acute	low	low	low
Chronic	low	low	low
Organs Affected	—	—	low
Editorial	Work-notes specify acute: low, chronic: low, confidence: low. All values are class extrapolations from ergoline psychedelic pharmacology (reference compound: LSD). Nichols 2004 notes classical hallucinogens have therapeutic indices exceeding 1000 in animal models. No LAE-32-specific toxicity study exists. Evidence discount rule applied: class-inferred 'low' retained (not downgraded further since 'negligible' would imply positive safety data that does not exist).
	ReasoningReasoning Work-notes specify acute: low, chronic: low, confidence: low. All values are class extrapolations from ergoline psychedelic pharmacology (reference compound: LSD). Nichols 2004 notes classical hallucinogens have therapeutic indices exceeding 1000 in animal models. No LAE-32-specific toxicity study exists. Evidence discount rule applied: class-inferred 'low' retained (not downgraded further since 'negligible' would imply positive safety data that does not exist). Evidence basis: structural_analogy

Dependence Profiletrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Physical	none	none	medium
Psychological	negligible	negligible	medium
Compulsive Redosing	negligible	negligible	medium
Dose Escalation	negligible	negligible	medium
Editorial	Work-notes specify: physical=none, psychological=negligible, compulsive redosing=negligible, dose escalation=negligible, no withdrawal. Class-level data for psychedelic non-dependence is strong (Nichols 2004); no LAE-32-specific data. Confidence medium reflects strong class evidence despite absent substance-specific studies.
	ReasoningReasoning Work-notes specify: physical=none, psychological=negligible, compulsive redosing=negligible, dose escalation=negligible, no withdrawal. Class-level data for psychedelic non-dependence is strong (Nichols 2004); no LAE-32-specific data. Confidence medium reflects strong class evidence despite absent substance-specific studies. Evidence basis: structural_analogy

Withdrawal Profiletrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Severity	none	none	medium
Symptoms	—	—	medium
Fatal	No	No	medium
Medical Supervision	Not required	Not required	medium
Editorial	No withdrawal syndrome is expected for ergoline psychedelics. Class-level evidence is strong (Nichols 2004). No LAE-32-specific data.
	ReasoningReasoning No withdrawal syndrome is expected for ergoline psychedelics. Class-level evidence is strong (Nichols 2004). No LAE-32-specific data. Evidence basis: structural_analogy

Tolerance Profiletrace

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Buildup	rapid	rapid	medium
Half-life	1.5 days	1.5 days	medium
Full Reset	6 days	6 days	medium
Cross-tolerances	LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT	LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT	medium
Editorial	Work-notes specify: rapid buildup, 1-2 day half-life, 5-7 day full reset, cross-tolerance with LSD/psilocybin/mescaline/DMT. Mechanism confirmed for LSD class (de la Fuente Revenga et al. 2022). Not tested for LAE-32 specifically. Confidence medium reflects strong mechanistic class data.
	ReasoningReasoning Work-notes specify: rapid buildup, 1-2 day half-life, 5-7 day full reset, cross-tolerance with LSD/psilocybin/mescaline/DMT. Mechanism confirmed for LSD class (de la Fuente Revenga et al. 2022). Not tested for LAE-32 specifically. Confidence medium reflects strong mechanistic class data. Evidence basis: structural_analogy

Effects & Profile

Contraindications

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
psychiatric Psychotic disorderstrace	absolute	absolute	medium
Editorial	Class-level contraindication for serotonergic psychedelics (Nichols 2004). No LAE-32-specific data; inferred from 5-HT₂A agonist class.
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level contraindication for serotonergic psychedelics (Nichols 2004). No LAE-32-specific data; inferred from 5-HT₂A agonist class.
other Current MAOI usetrace	absolute	absolute	medium
Editorial	Class-level contraindication for serotonergic psychedelics combined with MAOIs. No LAE-32-specific case reports; pharmacological mechanism is well-established.
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level contraindication for serotonergic psychedelics combined with MAOIs. No LAE-32-specific case reports; pharmacological mechanism is well-established.
other Current lithium usetrace	absolute	absolute	low
Editorial	Case reports for LSD class (not LAE-32 specifically). Extrapolated as absolute contraindication given seizure risk severity.
	ReasoningReasoning Case reports for LSD class (not LAE-32 specifically). Extrapolated as absolute contraindication given seizure risk severity.
psychiatric Family history of psychotic disorderstrace	relative	relative	medium
Editorial	Class-level relative contraindication for serotonergic psychedelics. No LAE-32-specific data.
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level relative contraindication for serotonergic psychedelics. No LAE-32-specific data.
psychiatric Bipolar disorder with psychotic featurestrace	relative	relative	medium
Editorial	Class-level relative contraindication for serotonergic psychedelics. No LAE-32-specific data.
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level relative contraindication for serotonergic psychedelics. No LAE-32-specific data.
cardiovascular Severe cardiovascular diseasetrace	relative	relative	low
Editorial	Class-level inference from ergoline sympathomimetic pharmacology. No LAE-32-specific cardiovascular safety data.
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level inference from ergoline sympathomimetic pharmacology. No LAE-32-specific cardiovascular safety data.
pregnancy breastfeeding Pregnancytrace	relative	relative	low
Editorial	Class-level inference from ergoline uterotonic properties. No LAE-32-specific reproductive data.
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level inference from ergoline uterotonic properties. No LAE-32-specific reproductive data.
other Current SSRI/SNRI usetrace	relative	relative	medium
Editorial	Class-level relative contraindication for serotonergic psychedelics combined with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. No LAE-32-specific interaction data.
	ReasoningReasoning Class-level relative contraindication for serotonergic psychedelics combined with serotonin reuptake inhibitors. No LAE-32-specific interaction data.

Timeline Phases

oral

Field	Published	AI Proposed	Confidence
Onsettrace	1800–3600 sec(i=0.05)	1800–3600 sec(i=0.05)	low
Editorial	All phase durations are inferred from LSD class pharmacokinetics (Dolder et al. 2015) adjusted for LAE-32's shorter total duration (4-10 hours vs LSD's 8-12 hours). Work-notes specify onset/come_up/peak/offset/afterglow as applicable phases. Total duration (4-10 hours) is the only value supported by existing DB data; all phase breakdowns are structural analog inferences. Afterglow driving advisory verbatim from work-notes.
	ReasoningReasoning All phase durations are inferred from LSD class pharmacokinetics (Dolder et al. 2015) adjusted for LAE-32's shorter total duration (4-10 hours vs LSD's 8-12 hours). Work-notes specify onset/come_up/peak/offset/afterglow as applicable phases. Total duration (4-10 hours) is the only value supported by existing DB data; all phase breakdowns are structural analog inferences. Afterglow driving advisory verbatim from work-notes. Evidence basis: structural_analogy
Come uptrace	1800–3600 sec(i=0.35)	1800–3600 sec(i=0.35)	low
Editorial	All phase durations are inferred from LSD class pharmacokinetics (Dolder et al. 2015) adjusted for LAE-32's shorter total duration (4-10 hours vs LSD's 8-12 hours). Work-notes specify onset/come_up/peak/offset/afterglow as applicable phases. Total duration (4-10 hours) is the only value supported by existing DB data; all phase breakdowns are structural analog inferences. Afterglow driving advisory verbatim from work-notes.
	ReasoningReasoning All phase durations are inferred from LSD class pharmacokinetics (Dolder et al. 2015) adjusted for LAE-32's shorter total duration (4-10 hours vs LSD's 8-12 hours). Work-notes specify onset/come_up/peak/offset/afterglow as applicable phases. Total duration (4-10 hours) is the only value supported by existing DB data; all phase breakdowns are structural analog inferences. Afterglow driving advisory verbatim from work-notes. Evidence basis: structural_analogy
Peaktrace	5400–10800 sec(i=1.00)	5400–10800 sec(i=1.00)	low
Editorial	All phase durations are inferred from LSD class pharmacokinetics (Dolder et al. 2015) adjusted for LAE-32's shorter total duration (4-10 hours vs LSD's 8-12 hours). Work-notes specify onset/come_up/peak/offset/afterglow as applicable phases. Total duration (4-10 hours) is the only value supported by existing DB data; all phase breakdowns are structural analog inferences. Afterglow driving advisory verbatim from work-notes.
	ReasoningReasoning All phase durations are inferred from LSD class pharmacokinetics (Dolder et al. 2015) adjusted for LAE-32's shorter total duration (4-10 hours vs LSD's 8-12 hours). Work-notes specify onset/come_up/peak/offset/afterglow as applicable phases. Total duration (4-10 hours) is the only value supported by existing DB data; all phase breakdowns are structural analog inferences. Afterglow driving advisory verbatim from work-notes. Evidence basis: structural_analogy
Resolutiontrace	3600–10800 sec(i=0.35)	3600–10800 sec(i=0.35)	low
Editorial	All phase durations are inferred from LSD class pharmacokinetics (Dolder et al. 2015) adjusted for LAE-32's shorter total duration (4-10 hours vs LSD's 8-12 hours). Work-notes specify onset/come_up/peak/offset/afterglow as applicable phases. Total duration (4-10 hours) is the only value supported by existing DB data; all phase breakdowns are structural analog inferences. Afterglow driving advisory verbatim from work-notes.
	ReasoningReasoning All phase durations are inferred from LSD class pharmacokinetics (Dolder et al. 2015) adjusted for LAE-32's shorter total duration (4-10 hours vs LSD's 8-12 hours). Work-notes specify onset/come_up/peak/offset/afterglow as applicable phases. Total duration (4-10 hours) is the only value supported by existing DB data; all phase breakdowns are structural analog inferences. Afterglow driving advisory verbatim from work-notes. Evidence basis: structural_analogy
Afterglowtrace	7200–18000 sec(i=0.10)	7200–18000 sec(i=0.10)	low
Editorial	All phase durations are inferred from LSD class pharmacokinetics (Dolder et al. 2015) adjusted for LAE-32's shorter total duration (4-10 hours vs LSD's 8-12 hours). Work-notes specify onset/come_up/peak/offset/afterglow as applicable phases. Total duration (4-10 hours) is the only value supported by existing DB data; all phase breakdowns are structural analog inferences. Afterglow driving advisory verbatim from work-notes.
	ReasoningReasoning All phase durations are inferred from LSD class pharmacokinetics (Dolder et al. 2015) adjusted for LAE-32's shorter total duration (4-10 hours vs LSD's 8-12 hours). Work-notes specify onset/come_up/peak/offset/afterglow as applicable phases. Total duration (4-10 hours) is the only value supported by existing DB data; all phase breakdowns are structural analog inferences. Afterglow driving advisory verbatim from work-notes. Evidence basis: structural_analogy

Dose Tier Summaries

thresholdtrace

low

Minimal psychoactive effects at the threshold range (~250 µg oral). A subtle shift in body awareness may be noticeable — mild bodily heaviness or a faint alteration in sensory texture. Perceptual changes, if present, are barely distinguishable from placebo. Physical effects are minimal: slight pupil dilation and possible mild vasoconstriction consistent with the ergoline class. No significant cognitive disruption or functional impairment is expected. The threshold for LAE-32 is not documented in any published study. This value is extrapolated from the LSD potency ratio (~10-20x) and should be treated as an estimate requiring verification.

Editorial

Work-notes specify ~250 µg threshold extrapolated from LSD potency ratio. No published LAE-32 threshold data. All descriptors are structural analog inferences from LSD class.

Reasoning

Work-notes specify ~250 µg threshold extrapolated from LSD potency ratio. No published LAE-32 threshold data. All descriptors are structural analog inferences from LSD class.

Evidence basis: structural_analogy

lighttrace

low

Mild perceptual alterations become apparent at light doses (250-500 µg oral). Slight color enhancement, gentle visual drifting, and enhanced sensory input may emerge. The sedating character that distinguishes LAE-32 from LSD may already be noticeable as a physical quietness and mild bodily heaviness. Body high and mild muscle tension are possible. Nausea is less likely at this range but not absent. Pupil dilation is expected. Mood shifts gently without major cognitive disruption — introspection enhancement may begin but remains manageable. Functional impairment is mild. Sleep disruption is expected to be less than with equivalent LSD experiences due to LAE-32's sedating character, though this is speculative.

Editorial

Work-notes describe mild perceptual alterations, slight sensory enhancement, noticeable sedation, and mood shift without cognitive disruption at light doses. All inferred from LSD structural analog with adjustments for LAE-32's sedating character noted in historical reports.

Reasoning

Evidence basis: structural_analogy

commontrace

low

Full psychedelic effects emerge at common doses (500-1500 µg oral). Perceptual distortion includes color enhancement, visual drifting, and mild geometry. Identity alteration and personal insight are characteristic at this range. The experience is distinctly sedating and introspective — motivation suppression and apathy are prominent features that distinguish LAE-32 from the stimulating character of LSD. Bodily heaviness, body high, vasoconstriction, and nausea are typical physical accompaniments. Muscle tension and pupil dilation are expected. Anxiety is possible, particularly in unfamiliar settings or without adequate psychological preparation. Duration spans 4-10 hours. Emotional enhancement, thought connectivity, and time alteration contribute to a dreamy, inward-directed experience. Set and setting remain decisive in shaping the qualitative character.

Editorial

Work-notes describe full psychedelic effects at common dose. Common range (500-1500 µg) from existing DB data consistent with Giberti & Gregoretti 1958. Sedating/introspective character from historical clinical reports. Effect descriptions drawn from work-notes effects profile list.

Reasoning

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

strongtrace

low

Intense psychedelic experience at strong doses (1500-2500 µg oral). Pronounced perceptual distortion — vivid color enhancement, strong visual drifting, and more elaborate geometry than at common doses. Ego dissolution becomes possible. Deep introspection and identity alteration intensify significantly. Anxiety and challenging psychological experiences are more likely at this range. Sedation is pronounced — bodily heaviness may feel overwhelming. Vasoconstriction, nausea, and muscle tension intensify. Physical movement may feel difficult or unappealing. Vomiting is possible. Duration may extend toward the upper range (8-10 hours). The combination of intense psychedelic effects with heavy sedation creates a distinctive experience that demands a safe, comfortable environment and a sober sitter.

Editorial

Work-notes describe intense psychedelic experience with potential ego dissolution, strong sedation, and increased anxiety risk. Dose range (1500-2500 µg) extrapolated from LSD structural analog. No published LAE-32 data at this dose level.

Reasoning

Evidence basis: structural_analogy

heavytrace

low

Overwhelmingly intense experience at heavy doses (2500+ µg oral). Complete ego dissolution, severe anxiety, and transient psychotic-like states are possible. Perceptual distortion may become all-encompassing — loss of environmental orientation and reality testing impairment can occur. The experience may feel uncontrollable. Sedation may be so pronounced as to render the individual largely immobile. Nausea and vomiting are likely. Vasoconstriction, muscle tension, and bodily heaviness reach peak intensity. Cardiovascular stress from ergoline sympathomimetic effects is a theoretical concern at this range. Heavy doses of LAE-32 are not documented in clinical literature. This range is extrapolated from dose-response patterns in the lysergamide series. A sober sitter and safe environment are essential. Duration may exceed the typical 4-10 hour range.

Editorial

Work-notes describe overwhelming intensity, risk of complete ego dissolution, severe anxiety, transient psychosis, and profound sedation. Dose range (2500+ µg) extrapolated from LSD structural analog. No published data at this dose level for LAE-32.

Reasoning

Evidence basis: structural_analogy

History

current version

published Oct 2, 2026system—

versions

2 total · since previous: +0 / −0 citations

publication ledger

publish Oct 2, 2026

backfill Jun 4, 2026

Historical versions do not record which reviewer approved them; editorial accountability is recorded per value in the database and in the publication ledger going forward.

full version history suggest a correction contact@psychedex.org

Sources

3 strong · 11 moderate · 5 weak

[1]
weak
Comparative study of the psychopathological effects of lysergic acid ethylamide (LAE-32) and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD-25) in neurotics
Giberti F, Gregoretti · 1958 · Sistema nervoso
pubmed 13580425no claims checked
[2]
weak
Psychological effects of lysergic acid monoethylamide (LAE 32)
Tonini G, Montanari C · 1955 · Giornale di psichiatria e di neuropatologia
pubmed 13251531no claims checked
[3]
weak
Psychopathological experiences with the combined action of lysergic acid mono- and diethylamide (LAE-32, LSD-25)
Callieri B, Ravetta M · 1957 · Rivista sperimentale di freniatria e medicina legale delle alienazioni mentali
pubmed 13466954no claims checked
[4]
weak
Protective action of lysergic acid ethylamide (LAE-32) on behavior changes and histological lesions of the CNS induced in mice by chronic 5-hydroxytryptamine treatment
Soriani S, Favale E · 1959 · Sistema nervoso
pubmed 13659105no claims checked
[5]
moderate
Lysergamides of isomeric 2,4-dimethylazetidines map the binding orientation of the diethylamide moiety in the potent hallucinogenic agent N,N-diethyllysergamide (LSD)
Nichols DE, Frescas S, Marona-Lewicka D, Kurrasch-Orbaugh DM · 2002 · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
pubmed 12213075no claims checked
[6]
moderate
d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) as a Model of Psychosis: Mechanism of Action and Pharmacology
De Gregorio D, Comai S, Posa L, Gobbi G · 2016 · International Journal of Molecular Sciences
doi.org/10.3390/ijms17111834 pubmed 27886063no claims checked
[7]
moderate
Tolerance and Cross-Tolerance among Psychedelic and Nonpsychedelic 5-HT2A Receptor Agonists in Mice
de la Fuente Revenga M, Jaster AM, McGinn J, Silva G, Saha S, Gonzalez-Maeso J · 2022 · ACS Chemical Neuroscience
doi.org/10.1021/acschemneuro.2c00170 pubmed 35900876no claims checked
[8]
moderate
PubChem Compound: LAE-32 (6aR,9R) stereospecific — CID 12304966
PubChem / NCBI · 2024
linkno claims checked
[9]
moderate
Pharmacological characterization of the LSD analog N-ethyl-N-cyclopropyl lysergamide (ECPLA)
Halberstadt AL, Klein LM, Chatha M, Valenzuela LB, Stratford A, Wallach J, Nichols DE, Brandt SD · 2019 · Psychopharmacology
doi.org/10.1007/s00213-018-5055-9 pubmed 30298278no claims checked
[10]
moderate
Stereoselective LSD-like activity in a series of d-lysergic acid amides of (R)- and (S)-2-aminoalkanes
Monte AP, Marona-Lewicka D, Kanthasamy A, Sanders-Bush E, Nichols DE · 1995 · Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
pubmed 7699712no claims checked
[11]
moderate
PubChem Compound: LAE-32 racemic — CID 101704
PubChem / NCBI · 2024
linkno claims checked
[12]
weak
NCATS Inxight Drugs: Lysergic Acid Ethylamide (UNII 72370WPF0J)
NCATS / FDA · 2024
linkno claims checked
[13]
moderate
Psychedelics and the human receptorome
Ray TS · 2010 · PLoS ONE
doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0009019 pubmed 20126400no claims checked
[14]
strong
Pharmacokinetics and Concentration-Effect Relationship of Oral LSD in Humans
Dolder PC, Schmid Y, Haschke M, Rentsch KM, Liechti ME · 2015 · International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology
doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyv072 pubmed 26108222no claims checked
[15]
strong
Pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and urinary recovery of oral lysergic acid diethylamide administration in healthy participants
Holze F, Erne L, Duthaler U, Liechti ME · 2024 · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology
doi.org/10.1111/bcp.15887 pubmed 37596682no claims checked
[16]
moderate
Determination of LSD and its metabolites in human biological fluids by HPLC-MS/MS
Canezin J, Cailleux A, Turcant A, Le Bouil A, Harry P, Allain P · 2001 · Journal of Chromatography B
doi.org/10.1016/s1570-0232(01)00494-9 pubmed 11817305no claims checked
[17]
moderate
REBUS and the Anarchic Brain: Toward a Unified Model of the Brain Action of Psychedelics
Carhart-Harris R, Friston K · 2019 · Pharmacological Reviews
doi.org/10.1124/pr.118.017160 pubmed 31221820no claims checked
[18]
moderate
Pharmacological and biotransformation studies of 1-acyl-substituted derivatives of d-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD)
Halberstadt AL, Chatha M, Klein AK, McCorvy JD, Meyer MR, Wagmann L, Stratford A, Brandt SD · 2020 · Neuropharmacology
doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropharm.2019.107856 pubmed 31756337no claims checked
[19]
strong
The Effectiveness of Tramadol in Pain Relief in Chronic Diseases: A Review Based on Clinical Trials.
Seidmohammadi K, Haghshenas H, Moghaddam S, Kargar Jahromi H, Delam H · 2025 · Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy
doi.org/10.1080/15360288.2024.2411239 pubmed 39440803no claims checked

Claim Verification

No claim verification has run for this version.

Coverage & Gaps

effect links

188 links · 188 approved · 6 audited0/188 with evidence basis

interactions

3 approved pairs0/3 graded

LAE-32

Value Provenance

Dosing

oraltrace →

Duration

oral

Safety

Toxicity Profiletrace →

Dependence Profiletrace →

Withdrawal Profiletrace →

Tolerance Profiletrace →

Effects & Profile

Contraindications

Timeline Phases

oral

Dose Tier Summaries

History

Sources

Claim Verification

Coverage & Gaps

oraltrace

Toxicity Profiletrace

Dependence Profiletrace

Withdrawal Profiletrace

Tolerance Profiletrace