Cyclazodone

6Node page

what any key link opens

psx:substance/cyclazodone/claim/c875e273-2180-4fd8-8cff-ad6140d361f4

claim2026-05-12workinginconclusive

derived from · upstream

usedThe effect of anticoagulant therapy in primary and anorectic drug-induced pulmonary hypertensionpsx:substance/cyclazodone/src/pmid:9315805

feeds · downstream

informed_bysection/history.full@1psx:substance/cyclazodone/section/history.full@1

psx:substance/cyclazodone/claim/c875e273-2180-4fd8-8cff-ad6140d361f4
├─ used  src/pmid:9315805  The effect of anticoagulant therapy in primary and anorectic drug-induced pulmonary hypertension
  ├─ informed_by  claim/e7bb19e3-6bf5-44dc-b588-6ca8c76cd46d  Claim in history — supported
  ├─ informed_by  claim/4cbbf932-be5b-4071-b271-5abcd9292285  Claim in history — supported
  ├─ informed_by  claim/61ee73bf-9fe5-41fe-93c5-e6b818590604  Claim in history — inconclusive  working
  ├─ informed_by  claim/127f5703-4fc3-41a6-baa0-0bc16e047145  Claim in history — supported
  ├─ informed_by  claim/437f8ecc-90c7-4a06-b995-eeac2ea8ea65  Claim in history — inconclusive  working
    ├─ used  src/url:9a7425f56014eab7  Cyclazodone - PsychonautWiki
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.124  Pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02693-7  Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects
    ├─ used  src/url:03f8d692e3e680f8  NCATS Inxight Drugs - Cyclazodone
    ├─ used  src/url:eaee9a31b17cbabd  Cyclazodone - Drug Intelligence Bulletin
    ├─ used  src/url:11f8a1160876e500  Cyclazodone Megathread - Bluelight.org
    ├─ used  src/pmid:9602211  Pemoline hepatotoxicity in children
    ├─ used  src/url:5a3dff9354148da3  Toxicity from the NPS N-Methyl-Cyclazodone with Laboratory Confirmation - A Dance Befitting St. Vitus
    ├─ used  src/url:a019aad5d7aa8b0f  Cyclazodone - Wikipedia
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1136/thx.26.3.262  Aminorex and the pulmonary circulation
    ├─ used  src/pmid:18217792  A surveillance method for the early identification of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1002/dta.1668  Characterization of a novel and potentially lethal designer drug (+/-)-cis-para-methyl-4-methylaminorex (4,4'-DMAR)
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.3390/metabo16050291  Toxicokinetic Studies of the Two Stimulants M-ALPHA and N-Methyl-cyclazodone Using In Vitro and In Vivo Tools
    ├─ used  src/url:eca3030f60e715ac  Chemsrc - Cyclazodone CAS 14461-91-7
    ├─ used  src/url:5b62b2155dbc22a7  Pemoline Pharmacokinetics and Long-Term Clinical Pharmacology
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.011  Pharmacological characterization of the aminorex analogs 4-MAR, 4,4'-DMAR, and 3,4-DMAR.
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.546796  The Psychonauts' World of Cognitive Enhancers
    ├─ used  src/url:5ab5c316752bb5b1  Cyclazodone Review, Dosage & Effects - Nootropics Junkie
    ├─ used  src/pmid:7781270  Pemoline-associated fulminant liver failure: testing the evidence for causation
    ├─ used  src/pmid:2303976  Hepatotoxicity due to pemoline (Cylert): a report of two cases
    ├─ used  src/pmid:9565425  Four cases of severe hepatotoxicity associated with pemoline: possible autoimmune pathogenesis
    ├─ used  src/pmid:9562136  Pemoline therapy resulting in liver transplantation
    ├─ used  src/pmid:11111800  Lethal combination of tramadol and multiple drugs affecting serotonin
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.013  Mechanisms of tramadol-related neurotoxicity in the rat: Does diazepam/tramadol combination play a worsening role in overdose?
    ├─ derived_from  gen/021c2603-5375-45ce-8ec0-a5310885554d  Generation — pipeline-v5
    ├─ generated_by  pub/dffb165e-bfd7-486e-8528-9ff3bd8f51ec  Publication — backfill
      ├─ used  search/a87729cd-a338-4dd7-b3ea-a3d9b4096e71  Searched PubMed for "aminorex analogs oxazolinone norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor"
      ├─ used  search/91304d2b-9c01-4e6a-ad53-d041dba30af7  Searched PubChem for "cyclazodone"
      ├─ used  search/06234fd7-babe-411f-9238-c64266decf3b  Searched PubMed for "cyclazodone pharmacology stimulant"
      ├─ used  search/50cce32d-4fa7-47c8-9f68-83f14e81ee59  Searched OpenAlex for "cyclazodone oxazolidinone stimulant norepinephrine"
      ├─ used  search/071e4666-50de-41a3-b1c9-c79da45dc9c6  Searched ClinicalTrials.gov for "cyclazodone"
      ├─ used  search/b4217af4-84ac-4742-bb06-2a1b9fde7925  Searched PubMed for "4,4-DMAR 4-methylaminorex aminorex analog monoamine transporter"
      ├─ used  search/34f4114f-8dcb-4a5c-baae-212332221658  Searched OpenAlex for "aminorex appetite suppressant pulmonary hypertension history pharmacology"
      ├─ used  search/180cd5e4-ac58-417a-85cb-ba8852477be5  Searched WebSearch for "cyclazodone research chemical stimulant pharmacology effects"
      ├─ used  search/e8bacfad-93ce-4803-bf3e-c975ea26f9fb  Searched CFSRE.org
      ├─ used  search/0bea43b7-bbce-454e-be93-46917f20dcc3  Searched PsychonautWiki
      ├─ used  search/fa238172-2459-402d-a6bc-ed3143f63a82  Searched WebSearch for "cyclazodone legal status scheduling UK US analog act"
      ├─ used  search/de6c25a5-8d92-4a87-a597-b749a17dca20  Searched WebSearch for "cyclazodone pemoline GB1005738 Les Laboratoires Dausse synthesis 1965"
      ├─ used  search/8144e7d0-86c0-4d51-9ed5-71192c3cae18  Searched Chemsrc
      ├─ used  search/ef85a5d1-f8d0-4f20-be2b-892c61ff0743  Searched PMC/WADA pharmacology
      ├─ used  search/5b86891a-a795-472f-9082-fe25f810577b  Searched Bluelight.org
      ├─ used  search/396f5c3c-a720-4ba1-8b55-e0edd2309761  Searched Crossref via verify_doi for "10.3390/metabo16050291"
      ├─ used  search/0a51b26c-2619-4232-9079-7942e9aa901c  Searched PubMed for "Docherty 2008 pharmacology stimulants prohibited WADA doping"
      ├─ used  search/e10745fc-e18d-4047-871b-16d6f390fb27  Searched WebSearch for "cyclazodone psychoactive substances act 2016 UK scheduling status"
      ├─ used  search/633b9a43-b793-4832-a025-4f0bdbace152  Searched WebSearch for "cyclazodone TAAR1 trace amine mechanism action pharmacology"
      ├─ used  search/600d2a08-90ab-494a-94a5-8e4ea8ef2992  Searched NCATS Inxight Drugs for "cyclazodone UNII O8U55ZRL9K"
      ├─ used  search/c5642182-76c7-4a11-b726-885fcf1ce4d5  Searched WebSearch for "cyclazodone half-life pharmacokinetics published study"
      └─ used  search/f7870f4a-d167-4083-a28a-30dbad405a19  Searched Cross-reference: multiple sources for "cyclazodone tolerance half-life 5 days seed data verification"
├─ informed_by  section/history.full@1
  ├─ used  version/1  Revision 1
  ├─ used  claim/2abf264b-9507-4298-9eae-9dc26c92f48b  Claim in safety — inconclusive  working
    ├─ derived_from  issue/notice@79ab151eeb64  Issued notice
    ├─ derived_from  issue/info_card@5e63149b2433  Issued info_card
    ├─ derived_from  issue/emergency@777b5863d801  Issued emergency
    ├─ derived_from  issue/info_card@c494e9535238  Issued info_card
    ├─ informed_by  section/safety.full@1
      ├─ used  claim/afafcbbd-ab92-42e5-acbc-b2a6593ec5a6  Claim in summary — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/6354fbed-dce3-4522-ab51-f31bff08f7fe  Claim in summary — supported
      ├─ used  claim/3c58f1b3-f032-4354-9c91-d2af803ad8e7  Claim in pharmacology — supported
      ├─ used  claim/ae39c68f-813c-4a04-b9b1-738d3e084197  Claim in pharmacology — supported
      ├─ used  claim/32920adc-7f15-4835-b43b-a14a40ac67cf  Claim in legal-status — supported
      ├─ used  claim/a61ac7bb-fab8-45e7-aea4-c5caed667945  Claim in pharmacology — supported
      ├─ used  claim/ca87d60c-5400-4440-9429-59b42bb145f4  Claim in summary — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/e29fee3d-e70e-484f-bd65-45847f0d053d  Claim in summary — partially_supported
      ├─ used  claim/82393431-087d-43af-b42c-d258d516f197  Claim in safety — partially_supported
      ├─ used  claim/03a98347-1c12-4fac-94e6-6edc1ffa6af5  Claim in safety — supported
      ├─ used  claim/5c57af61-d3a4-470e-b1e2-5b6c37bfc0e0  Claim in safety — supported
      ├─ used  claim/0e996280-3d76-4dda-a07b-b2c5511f95f5  Claim in safety — supported
      ├─ used  claim/c4ae8f85-9d30-436e-83cb-10a60cb79f14  Claim in safety — supported
      ├─ used  claim/1679f60e-18d9-4590-a867-6a4c6d815bea  Claim in receptor-pharmacology — supported
      ├─ used  claim/2557f45a-2d52-4b91-8add-e12c9fe8d338  Claim in comparative-pharmacology — supported
      ├─ used  claim/c752535e-fdfa-446c-9c9a-9f27dc84468e  Claim in pharmacology — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/54e17c51-4d52-4f8d-839a-6a1260d2bdf2  Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/17afc241-0f6a-48a3-9fd5-36105b1ff5f5  Claim in receptor-pharmacology — supported
      ├─ used  claim/6f87bd4e-6400-4081-89a7-cbc78cdfc3e3  Claim in receptor-pharmacology — supported
      ├─ used  claim/a28dda1a-2320-462f-9419-616ce6073466  Claim in comparative-pharmacology — supported
      ├─ used  claim/3a3b4018-355c-4c99-805f-8b7aa0364668  Claim in neuroscience — supported
      ├─ used  claim/02212553-78ce-490d-b62d-d93e13a1f610  Claim in clinical-evidence — supported
      ├─ used  claim/011e9073-e6fd-4253-9a2a-eb4f4294fda4  Claim in safety — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/79f362bb-a462-443c-8f4f-915134ad700c  Claim in safety — supported
      ├─ used  claim/6fc74217-dadf-4388-b143-85ca75520fdb  Claim in safety — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/0d5d42c3-de0f-4ddf-88fd-ed2cb73c5148  Claim in safety — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/4cb3a4ea-1c9f-4ed4-8b76-552926a0aaca  Claim in safety — supported
      ├─ used  claim/30a8769c-684f-437c-855b-06f318dff4c8  Claim in safety — supported
      ├─ used  claim/3e03e7a5-6103-4655-8a42-e5a565acfaee  Claim in safety — supported
      └─ used  claim/c5f4698d-8f43-468c-9fd6-9757f89ae314  Claim in safety — supported
… closure truncated at 200 nodes

indented by distance from this node, not by parentage

1Provenance card

the boundary, as counts

Sources

258 with DOI

3 strong · 6 moderate · 16 weak

Compilations

32026-05-12T22:58:10.391Z

pipeline-v5 · prompt hash not recorded — run predates 2026-09

Decisions

32last ruled 2026-06-04

0 awaiting a ruling

Issued documents

42026-10-19T20:31:16.090Z

notice · info card · emergency

Searches

224 with no results

queries and counts on the build

Claims checked

3726 supported

26 supported · 11 not

Correspondence

0received

consent field ships in Phase 4

Edges

166

derivations recorded for this entity

Complete over 25 sources, 3 compilations, and 32 decisions.Not here: the private journal (never).Working material — drafts, discards, unsupported claims — is listed below and readable on the working page.Cite: psychedex.org/substances/cyclazodone/archive

2Build

one panel per compilation run

generation run 2026-05-11

90 min failedmodel not recordedplan not recordedrun/34a2468c…

research

no artifact

draft

no artifact

audit

no artifact

verify

no artifact

simplify

no artifact

publish

no artifact

Selection

results seen0

selected by the model0

consumed as sources25

Verification

claims checked0

supported0

partially supported0

not supported0

inconclusive0

record
seen / partial
working

The model's own caveats

none raised on this run

Reproduce

inputs: 25 source keys (listed under Sources)
plan: not recorded — template version, prompt hash and git SHA are written from 2026-09 onward
model: not recorded
streams: none — agent transcripts are persisted from 2026-09 onward

generation run 2026-05-12

3 min failedmodel not recordedplan not recordedrun/aac7b409…

research

no artifact

draft

no artifact

audit

no artifact

verify

no artifact

simplify

no artifact

publish

no artifact

Selection

results seen0

selected by the model0

consumed as sources25

Verification

claims checked0

supported0

partially supported0

not supported0

inconclusive0

record
seen / partial
working

The model's own caveats

none raised on this run

Reproduce

inputs: 25 source keys (listed under Sources)
plan: not recorded — template version, prompt hash and git SHA are written from 2026-09 onward
model: not recorded
streams: none — agent transcripts are persisted from 2026-09 onward

generation run 2026-05-12

57 min completedmodel pipeline-v5plan not recordedrun/486e8161…

Selection

results seen78

selected by the model33

consumed as sources25

Verification

claims checked37

supported24

partially supported2

not supported0

inconclusive11

record
seen / partial
working

The model's own caveats

sparse_evidence
safety_data_unverified

Reproduce

inputs: 25 source keys (listed under Sources)
plan: not recorded — template version, prompt hash and git SHA are written from 2026-09 onward
model: pipeline-v5
streams: none — agent transcripts are persisted from 2026-09 onward

22 searches — query, source, results, what was kept and why

22 searches for this run
#	source	query	seen	kept	rationale
1	PubMed · absence	cyclazodone pharmacology stimulant	0	—	—
2	ClinicalTrials.gov · absence	cyclazodone	0	—	—
3	OpenAlex	aminorex appetite suppressant pulmonary hypertension history pharmacology	10	3	Historical aminorex context; designer drug adverse effects review relevant to class
4	OpenAlex	cyclazodone oxazolidinone stimulant norepinephrine	1	1	Relevant as one of few academic papers mentioning cyclazodone
5	PubChem	cyclazodone	1	1	Only result; confirms chemical identity
6	PubMed · absence	aminorex analogs oxazolinone norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor	0	—	—
7	PubMed	4,4-DMAR 4-methylaminorex aminorex analog monoamine transporter	3	3	Aminorex class pharmacology directly relevant to understanding cyclazodone as substituted aminorex
8	PsychonautWiki	—	—	3	—
9	WebSearch	cyclazodone research chemical stimulant pharmacology effects	10	4	—
10	Bluelight.org	—	—	3	—
11	Chemsrc	—	—	1	—
12	WebSearch	cyclazodone pemoline GB1005738 Les Laboratoires Dausse synthesis 1965	10	2	—
13	CFSRE.org	—	—	1	—
14	PMC/WADA pharmacology	—	—	2	—
15	WebSearch	cyclazodone legal status scheduling UK US analog act	10	3	—
16	PubMed	Docherty 2008 pharmacology stimulants prohibited WADA doping	1	1	—
17	Crossref via verify_doi	10.3390/metabo16050291	1	1	—
18	WebSearch	cyclazodone TAAR1 trace amine mechanism action pharmacology	10	—	—
19	WebSearch	cyclazodone psychoactive substances act 2016 UK scheduling status	10	1	—
20	NCATS Inxight Drugs	cyclazodone UNII O8U55ZRL9K	1	2	—
21	WebSearch	cyclazodone half-life pharmacokinetics published study	10	0	—
22	Cross-reference: multiple sources · absence	cyclazodone tolerance half-life 5 days seed data verification	0	1	—

37 claims by section — every cited sentence, checked against its source

safety14 · 10 ok

Tramadol-induced neurotoxicity involves early elevation of brain serotonin and norepinephrine concentrationssupported
Tramadol induces dose-dependent sedation, early-onset seizures, and serotonin/norepinephrine increase in brain. j.taap.2016.09.013
At least 21 cases of pemoline-related liver failure were documented; 13 required liver transplantation or resulted in deathpartially supported
Five cases of pemoline hepatotoxicity including one liver transplant. Severity variable; onset may be late. pmid:9602211
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Pemoline was withdrawn from the US market due to fatal hepatotoxicitysupported
Pemoline introduced US 1975 for ADHD; withdrawn due to fatal hepatotoxicity. pmid:18217792
Liver transplantation was required in documented casessupported
Case of pemoline-induced liver failure resulting in liver transplantation. pmid:9562136
Pulmonary hypertension (class risk): Aminorex caused a 20-fold increase in primary pulmonary hypertension incidence. This risk has not been evaluated for cyclazodone. The structural difference (oxazolidinone vs. oxazoline ring) may or may not confer protectionsupported
Aminorex (2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline) caused 20-fold increase in primary pulmonary hypertension in Switzerland 1965-1968. thx.26.3.262
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
The first reported tramadol-related fatality involved combination with serotonergic/noradrenergic agents, producing fatal seizure activitysupported
First reported death from tramadol combination with serotonergic drugs. 36yo male died after seizure while on tramadol, venlafaxine, trazodone, quetiapine. pmid:11111800
Aminorex analogs with serotonergic activity have been associated with fatalitiessupported
26 deaths associated with 4,4'-DMAR in Europe 2013. Potent substrate releaser at DAT, NET, SERT. dta.1668
Absolute contraindications (class-inferred): * Hepatic impairment or pre-existing liver disease: The pemoline-class hepatotoxicity risk makes any hepatic compromise a basis for absolute avoidance * Concurrent MAO inhibitor use: Risk of hypertensive crisis and fatal monoamine accumulation * Concurrent tramadol: Lethal interaction risk via seizure and monoamine toxicity mechanisms * Baseline QTc prolongation or cardiac arrhythmia: QTc prolongation documented with N-methyl-cyclazodonesupported
Five cases of pemoline hepatotoxicity including one liver transplant. Severity variable; onset may be late. pmid:9602211
Absolute contraindications (class-inferred): * Hepatic impairment or pre-existing liver disease: The pemoline-class hepatotoxicity risk makes any hepatic compromise a basis for absolute avoidance * Concurrent MAO inhibitor use: Risk of hypertensive crisis and fatal monoamine accumulation * Concurrent tramadol: Lethal interaction risk via seizure and monoamine toxicity mechanisms * Baseline QTc prolongation or cardiac arrhythmia: QTc prolongation documented with N-methyl-cyclazodonesupported
Review of pemoline hepatotoxicity cases including fatal liver failure. pmid:7781270
Absolute contraindications (class-inferred): * Hepatic impairment or pre-existing liver disease: The pemoline-class hepatotoxicity risk makes any hepatic compromise a basis for absolute avoidance * Concurrent MAO inhibitor use: Risk of hypertensive crisis and fatal monoamine accumulation * Concurrent tramadol: Lethal interaction risk via seizure and monoamine toxicity mechanisms * Baseline QTc prolongation or cardiac arrhythmia: QTc prolongation documented with N-methyl-cyclazodonesupported
First reported death from tramadol combination with serotonergic drugs. 36yo male died after seizure. Tramadol lowers seizure threshold; risk enhanced by concurrent SSRIs. pmid:11111800

history6 · 3 ok

Its withdrawal followed a 20-fold increase in the incidence of primary pulmonary hypertension in Switzerland.supported
Aminorex (2-amino-5-phenyl-2-oxazoline) caused 20-fold increase in primary pulmonary hypertension in Switzerland 1965-1968. thx.26.3.262
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
It was withdrawn from most markets by the mid-2000s following recognition of fatal idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity.supported
Pemoline introduced US 1975 for ADHD; withdrawn due to fatal hepatotoxicity. pmid:18217792
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
4,4’-DMAR (cis-para-methyl-4-methylaminorex), a ring-substituted aminorex analog, was associated with at least 26 deaths in Europe in 2013, demonstrating the fatality potential inherent to this structural class.supported
26 deaths associated with 4,4'-DMAR in Europe 2013. Potent substrate releaser at DAT, NET, SERT. dta.1668
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

pharmacology4 · 3 ok

Cyclazodone is classified as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) with stimulant actions pharmacologically similar to dexamphetaminesupported
Cyclazodone noted to have stimulant actions similar to dexamphetamine. Stimulants act via monoamine transporters. s00204-020-02693-7
Cyclazodone is classified as a norepinephrine–dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI) with stimulant actions pharmacologically similar to dexamphetaminesupported
Cyclazodone noted to have 'stimulant actions similar to the effects of dexamphetamine'. bjp.2008.124
Pemoline, the closest characterized structural comparator (differing only at N-2: amino vs. cyclopropylamino), functions as a predominantly dopaminergic monoaminomimetic — primarily a dopamine reuptake inhibitor with weak dopamine-releasing properties and minimal noradrenergic activity relative to amphetaminesupported
Pemoline classified as predominantly dopaminergic monoaminomimetic, withdrawn due to liver problems. Monoaminomimetic mechanisms include reuptake blockade, indirect release, and direct receptor activation. bjp.2008.124
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

summary4 · 2 ok

Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Its presumed mechanism — inhibition of the dopamine and norepinephrine transporters — is inferred from pemoline’s established dopaminergic profile and from the broader aminorex-class pharmacologysupported
Pemoline classified as predominantly dopaminergic monoaminomimetic, withdrawn due to liver problems. Monoaminomimetic mechanisms include reuptake blockade, indirect release, and direct receptor activation. bjp.2008.124
The primary safety concern is potential hepatotoxicity inherited from the pemoline class: pemoline caused at least 21 cases of liver failure, 13 requiring transplantation or resulting in deathpartially supported
Five cases of pemoline hepatotoxicity including one liver transplant. Severity variable; onset may be late. pmid:9602211

receptor-pharmacology3 · 3 ok

4-Methylaminorex (4-MAR): Preferential inhibition at NET and DAT with an amphetamine-like transporter profile.supported
4-MAR has amphetamine-like NET/DAT profile. j.neuro.2019.02.011
4,4’-DMAR (cis-para-methyl-4-methylaminorex): Potent inhibition of all three monoamine transporters (DAT, NET, SERT) with an MDMA-like serotonergic component.supported
4,4'-DMAR potently inhibits all three transporters. Negligible monoamine receptor binding (Ki >2 uM). j.neuro.2019.02.011
4,4’-DMAR (cis-para-methyl-4-methylaminorex): Potent inhibition of all three monoamine transporters (DAT, NET, SERT) with an MDMA-like serotonergic component.supported
Potent substrate releaser at DAT, NET, SERT. EC50 values: 8.6 nM DAT, 26.9 nM NET, 18.5 nM SERT. dta.1668

comparative-pharmacology2 · 2 ok

Data for aminorex analogs from Rickli et al. (2019) and Brandt et al. (2014).supported
In vitro pharmacology of aminorex analogs at monoamine transporters. 4-MAR has amphetamine-like NET/DAT profile; 4,4'-DMAR potently inhibits all three transporters. j.neuro.2019.02.011
Data for aminorex analogs from Rickli et al. (2019) and Brandt et al. (2014).supported
26 deaths associated with 4,4'-DMAR in Europe 2013. Potent substrate releaser at DAT, NET, SERT. EC50 values: 8.6 nM DAT, 26.9 nM NET, 18.5 nM SERT. dta.1668

clinical-evidence1 · 1 ok

Cyclazodone has been listed as a novel cognitive enhancer in academic reviews of new psychoactive substances, but no outcome data support this classification beyond user self-report.supported
Growing availability of NPS including cognitive enhancers. Cyclazodone listed among novel cognitive enhancers identified by psychonauts. fpsyt.2020.546796

legal-status1 · 1 ok

Cyclazodone is listed as a prohibited stimulant by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), classified alongside dexamphetamine-like stimulants as prohibited in competition.supported
Review of 62 WADA-prohibited stimulants. Cyclazodone noted to have 'stimulant actions similar to the effects of dexamphetamine'. bjp.2008.124

neuroscience1 · 1 ok

Is there serotonergic involvement? Some aminorex analogs (4,4’-DMAR) show significant SERT activity. Whether cyclazodone has any serotonergic component is untested.supported
4,4'-DMAR potently inhibits all three transporters. Negligible monoamine receptor binding (Ki >2 uM). j.neuro.2019.02.011

pharmacokinetic-detail1 · 0 ok

Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

3Sources

25 consumed · sorted by year · feeds = sections resting on it

Sources
year	source	tier	status	feeds
2026	Toxicokinetic Studies of the Two Stimulants M-ALPHA and N-Methyl-cyclazodone Using In Vitro and In Vivo ToolsGampfer TM, Klaes S, Eckstein N, Meyer MR · Metabolitesdoi:10.3390/metabo16050291	moderate	consumed	3 sections
2024	Chemsrc - Cyclazodone CAS 14461-91-7Chemsrc databaseurl:eca3030f60e715ac	weak	consumed	cited only
2024	Cyclazodone - WikipediaWikipedia contributorsurl:a019aad5d7aa8b0f	weak	consumed	cited only
2024	NCATS Inxight Drugs - CyclazodoneNational Center for Advancing Translational Sciencesurl:03f8d692e3e680f8	weak	consumed	cited only
2023	Cyclazodone - Drug Intelligence BulletinGraves Kurl:eaee9a31b17cbabd	weak	consumed	cited only
2023	Cyclazodone - PsychonautWikiPsychonautWiki contributorsurl:9a7425f56014eab7	weak	consumed	cited only
2023	Cyclazodone Review, Dosage & Effects - Nootropics JunkieNootropics Junkie editorialurl:5ab5c316752bb5b1	weak	consumed	cited only
2022	Cyclazodone Megathread - Bluelight.orgBluelight.org communityurl:11f8a1160876e500	weak	consumed	cited only
2022	Toxicity from the NPS N-Methyl-Cyclazodone with Laboratory Confirmation - A Dance Befitting St. VitusCFSREurl:5a3dff9354148da3	weak	consumed	cited only
2020	Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effectsLuethi D, Liechti ME · Archives of Toxicologydoi:10.1007/s00204-020-02693-7	strong	consumed	2 sections
2020	The Psychonauts' World of Cognitive EnhancersNapoletano F, Schifano F, Corkery JM, Guirguis A, Arillotta D, Zangani C, Vento A · Frontiers in Psychiatrydoi:10.3389/fpsyt.2020.546796	moderate	consumed	1 section
2019	Pharmacological characterization of the aminorex analogs 4-MAR, 4,4'-DMAR, and 3,4-DMAR.Rickli A, Kolaczynska K, Hoener MC, Liechti ME · Neurotoxicologydoi:10.1016/j.neuro.2019.02.011	moderate	consumed	3 sections
2016	Mechanisms of tramadol-related neurotoxicity in the rat: Does diazepam/tramadol combination play a worsening role in overdose?Lagard C, Chevillard L, Malissin I, Risède P, Callebert J, Labat L, Launay JM, Laplanche JL, Mégarbane B · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacologydoi:10.1016/j.taap.2016.09.013	strong	consumed	1 section
2014	Characterization of a novel and potentially lethal designer drug (+/-)-cis-para-methyl-4-methylaminorex (4,4'-DMAR)Brandt SD, Baumann MH, Partilla JS, Kavanagh PV, Power JD, et al. · Drug Testing and Analysisdoi:10.1002/dta.1668	weak	consumed	4 sections
2008	A surveillance method for the early identification of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactionsEtwel FA, Rieder MJ, Bend JR, Koren G · Drug Safetypmid:18217792	moderate	consumed	2 sections
2008	Pharmacology of stimulants prohibited by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).Docherty JR · British Journal of Pharmacologydoi:10.1038/bjp.2008.124	strong	consumed	3 sections
2000	Lethal combination of tramadol and multiple drugs affecting serotoninRipple MG, Pestaner JP, Levine BS, Smialek JE · American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathologypmid:11111800	weak	consumed	1 section
1998	Four cases of severe hepatotoxicity associated with pemoline: possible autoimmune pathogenesisRosh JR, Dellert SF, Narkewicz M, Birnbaum A, Whitington G · Pediatricspmid:9565425	weak	consumed	1 section
1998	Pemoline hepatotoxicity in childrenMarotta PJ, Roberts EA · The Journal of Pediatricspmid:9602211	weak	consumed	3 sections
1998	Pemoline therapy resulting in liver transplantationAdcock KG, MacElroy DE, Wolford ET, Farrington EA · The Annals of Pharmacotherapypmid:9562136	weak	consumed	1 section
1997	The effect of anticoagulant therapy in primary and anorectic drug-induced pulmonary hypertensionFrank H, Mlczoch J, Huber K, Schuster E, Gurtner HP, Kneussl M · Chestpmid:9315805	moderate	consumed	2 sections
1995	Pemoline-associated fulminant liver failure: testing the evidence for causationBerkovitch M, Pope E, Phillips J, Koren G · Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeuticspmid:7781270	weak	consumed	1 section
1990	Hepatotoxicity due to pemoline (Cylert): a report of two casesPratt DS, Dubois RS · Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutritionpmid:2303976	weak	consumed	1 section
1985	Pemoline Pharmacokinetics and Long-Term Clinical PharmacologyClinical Pharmacokinetics journalurl:5b62b2155dbc22a7	weak	consumed	cited only
1971	Aminorex and the pulmonary circulationKay JM, Smith PE, Heath D · Thoraxdoi:10.1136/thx.26.3.262	moderate	consumed	2 sections
—	Searched ClinicalTrials.gov for "cyclazodone" — no resultsabsence		no results	—
—	Searched Cross-reference: multiple sources for "cyclazodone tolerance half-life 5 days seed data verification" — no resultsabsence		no results	—
—	Searched PubMed for "aminorex analogs oxazolinone norepinephrine dopamine reuptake inhibitor" — no resultsabsence		no results	—
—	Searched PubMed for "cyclazodone pharmacology stimulant" — no resultsabsence		no results	—

4Docket

one filing per activity — decisions, correspondence, reports

0012026-05-12revisionRevision 1
Initial LLM generation (v5 pipeline, wiki, prose phase)
psx:substance/cyclazodone/version/1
0022026-06-04proposal30 value proposals approved together
one review action inferred from a shared reviewer and instant — the graph records one activity per proposal
30 items in this filing
- contraindication · other
- contraindication · other
- contraindication · cardiovascular
- contraindication · cardiovascular
- contraindication · psychiatric
- contraindication · other
- contraindication · neurological
- contraindication · pregnancy_breastfeeding
- dose_tier · threshold
- dose_tier · light
- dose_tier · common
- dose_tier · strong
- dose_tier · heavy
- timeline · oral · onset
- timeline · oral · come_up
- timeline · oral · peak
- timeline · oral · resolution
- timeline · oral · afterglow
- toxicity
- dependence · full
- withdrawal
- tolerance
- dosage · oral
- duration · oral · onset
- duration · oral · come_up
- duration · oral · peak
- duration · oral · offset
- duration · oral · total
- duration · oral · aftereffects
psx:substance/cyclazodone/proposal/contraindication/05da3118-eef2-4148-bce8-80c0d85a141d
0032026-06-04publicationPublication — backfill
psx:substance/cyclazodone/pub/dffb165e-bfd7-486e-8528-9ff3bd8f51ec

5Issued documents

what the notice, info card and emergency page said, by hash

Issued documents
document	content hash	issued	from version	superseded
info_card	c494e9535238b914103009d2…	2026-10-19 20:31	Revision 1	current
emergency	777b5863d801327b008f5610…	2026-09-04 04:29	Revision 1	current
info_card	5e63149b2433ca0c7396c611…	2026-09-04 04:29	Revision 1	superseded2026-10-19
notice	79ab151eeb64bec9142efd89…	2026-09-04 04:29	Revision 1	current

Cyclazodone

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