Prolintane

Claim in safety — not_supportednot supportedworking →

Claim in safety — not_supportednot supportedworking →

Both documented clinical cases involved polysubstance use — a 34-year-old male with confusion, agitation, and inability to follow commands (concurrent amitriptyline, nortriptyline, nicotine) and a 26-year-old female with intrauterine fetal death (concurrent cannabinoids, cocaine, nicotine, hydrocodone) — preventing isolation of prolintane's individual toxicological contribution.supported

Case 1: 34yo male, confused and agitated, GC-MS positive for prolintane, amitriptyline, nortriptyline, nicotine. Case 2: 26yo female, intrauterine fetal death, positive for prolintane plus cannabinoids, cocaine, nicotine, hydrocodone. pmid:17725890

Jeong et al. (2023) evaluated prolintane's cardiac safety in mice and rats and documented hERG potassium channel inhibition — the canonical biomarker for drug-induced QT interval prolongation and ventricular arrhythmia risksupported

QT prolongation and hERG potassium channel inhibition observed at certain concentrations — ventricular arrhythmia risk. 01480545.2022.2049289

The authors concluded that prolintane "cannot be excluded" from causing ventricular arrhythmia risk.supported

QT prolongation and hERG potassium channel inhibition observed at certain concentrations — ventricular arrhythmia risk. Not directly myocardiotoxic. 01480545.2022.2049289

At therapeutic oral doses (10–20 mg), prolintane produced minimal cardiovascular changes in a controlled human comparison study, in contrast to ephedrinesupported

Minimal cardiovascular effects (vs ephedrine which significantly raised BP and HR). Doses in 10-20mg range commonly used medically. pmid:6471970

Jeong et al. (2023) documented shortened IBA-1 immunoreactive process length in rodent brain following prolintane administration — a marker of microglial activation and neuroinflammation that may disrupt synaptic contactssupported

IHC showed shortened IBA-1 (microglial marker) length suggesting neuroinflammation. 01480545.2022.2049289

Reduced motor coordination was observed in both mice and ratssupported

Prolintane reduced motor coordination in rodents. 01480545.2022.2049289

Prolintane was detected in a case involving intrauterine fetal death, though polysubstance use (cannabinoids, cocaine, nicotine, hydrocodone) prevents causal attributionsupported

Case 2: 26yo female, intrauterine fetal death, positive for prolintane plus cannabinoids, cocaine, nicotine, hydrocodone. pmid:17725890

Claim in safety — not_supportednot supportedworking →

Visual hallucinations have been documented with prolintane use in two contexts: overdose settings and chronic therapeutic-dose combination with diphenhydraminesupported

Young man developed visual hallucinations after 2 months of prolintane + diphenhydramine at therapeutic doses. pmid:11819155

Claim in safety — not_supportednot supportedworking →

The hallucinations observed with prolintane-diphenhydramine combination at therapeutic doses developed over a 2-month period and were attributed to pharmacological kindling — progressive sensitization of dopaminergic pathways producing hallucinatory experiences at doses that were initially well-tolerated.supported

Young man developed visual hallucinations after 2 months of prolintane + diphenhydramine at therapeutic doses... Pharmacological kindling proposed. pmid:11819155

Claim in safety — not_supportednot supportedworking →

Dose-dependent REM sleep suppression is confirmed in controlled studies, and extended wakefulness at higher doses (15–30 mg) may precipitate sleep-deprivation-related psychological disturbance.supported

Prolintane 15 and 30mg reduced REM sleep... Increased awakenings early in the night at higher doses. EEG-confirmed sleep disruption. pmid:7437258

Lee et al. (2022) conducted the first systematic evaluation of prolintane's abuse potential in rodents:supported

Prolintane increased locomotor activity, produced conditioned place preference, supported intravenous self-administration, and partially substituted for cocaine in drug discrimination. j.neuropharm.2021.108917

The authors concluded that prolintane possesses "a certain level of abuse potential" comparable to cocaine at a moderate level.supported

Results indicate moderate abuse potential similar to cocaine at moderate level. j.neuropharm.2021.108917

The historical discontinuation of prolintane from pharmaceutical markets was explicitly motivated by concerns about abuse liability.supported

its medical use was discontinued due to concerns about abuse liability. j.jbc.2025.110903

Prolintane also inhibits NET and, at human transporters, releases serotonin via SERT substrate activitysupported

Prolintane analogs display potent uptake inhibition at DAT and NET... Prolintane and analogs induced hSERT-mediated ionic currents and serotonin efflux. j.jbc.2025.110903

Deaths from tramadol combined with multiple serotonergic agents have been documented.supported

Case report of death of 36-year-old from seizure activity while taking tramadol combined with venlafaxine, trazodone, and quetiapine. pmid:11111800

Claim in safety — not_supportednot supportedworking →

mdma is a potent serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine releaser that can cause serotonin syndrome and hyperthermia at high dosessupported

MDMA is a potent releaser/reuptake inhibitor of serotonin, dopamine, and norepinephrine. Acute toxic effects include serotonin syndrome (muscle rigidity, hyperreflexia, hyperthermia). pmid:15228154

The combination of prolintane and diphenhydramine at therapeutic doses produced visual hallucinations in one documented case after 2 months of concurrent usesupported

Young man developed visual hallucinations after 2 months of prolintane + diphenhydramine at therapeutic doses. pmid:11819155

Given prolintane's documented hERG channel inhibition in rodent models, combination with other QT-prolonging drugs (antiarrhythmics, certain antibiotics, antipsychotics, methadone) carries additive risk of ventricular arrhythmia.supported

QT prolongation and hERG potassium channel inhibition observed at certain concentrations — ventricular arrhythmia risk. 01480545.2022.2049289

Cardiac conduction disorders (absolute): Prolintane inhibits the hERG potassium channel and prolongs the QT interval in rodent modelssupported

QT prolongation and hERG potassium channel inhibition observed at certain concentrations — ventricular arrhythmia risk. 01480545.2022.2049289

Pregnancy (absolute): Prolintane was detected in a case of intrauterine fetal deathsupported

Case 2: 26yo female, intrauterine fetal death, positive for prolintane plus cannabinoids, cocaine, nicotine, hydrocodone. pmid:17725890

Hallucinations and psychosis are documented overdose outcomes, and hallucinations occurred at therapeutic doses in combination with diphenhydramine.partially supported

Young man developed visual hallucinations after 2 months of prolintane + diphenhydramine at therapeutic doses. pmid:11819155

Concurrent serotonergic medication (relative to absolute, depending on agent): The SERT substrate activity at human transporters creates serotonin syndrome risk when combined with SSRIs, SNRIs, MAOIs, tramadol, or other serotonergic agents.supported

Prolintane and analogs induced hSERT-mediated ionic currents and serotonin efflux — classifying them as hybrid compounds at human monoamine transporters. j.jbc.2025.110903

Cardiovascular disease (relative): While therapeutic doses (10–20 mg) produced minimal cardiovascular effects, the hERG inhibition data and dose-dependent risk profile warrant caution in individuals with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions.supported

Minimal cardiovascular effects (vs ephedrine which significantly raised BP and HR). Doses in 10-20mg range commonly used medically. pmid:6471970

These values are consistent with the pharmacodynamic timecourse observed in controlled sleep and performance studies (cognitive enhancement at 2.5 hours post-dose; REM suppression concentrated in the first 2 hours of post-dose sleep), but formal PK confirmation is lacking.partially supported

Prolintane at 2.5h improved sign recording test performance (mental task). pmid:6471970

This mechanism is pharmacologically analogous to cocaine and methylphenidate — not amphetamine — in that prolintane inhibits transporter-mediated reuptake without inducing vesicular monoamine release.supported

Prolintane is a synthetic stimulant that acts by inhibiting the uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine into neurons. j.jbc.2025.110903

This mechanism is pharmacologically analogous to cocaine and methylphenidate — not amphetamine — in that prolintane inhibits transporter-mediated reuptake without inducing vesicular monoamine release.supported

Compared to amphetamine, prolintane mechanism more similar to methylphenidate, cocaine, amfonelic acid — acting as a reuptake inhibitor rather than releaser. pmid:572552

Fuller and Snoddy (1979) established this distinction by demonstrating that prolintane markedly enhanced 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) concentrations in rat brain following spiperone treatment — a neurochemical pattern characteristic of DAT inhibitors rather than DAT releaserssupported

Prolintane enhanced increase in DOPAC (dopamine metabolite) in rats treated with spiperone. Compared to amphetamine, prolintane mechanism more similar to methylphenidate, cocaine, amfonelic acid — acting as a reuptake inhibitor rather than releaser. pmid:572552

Kastner et al., using radiotracer flux assays in HEK293 cells expressing human transporters and parallel experiments in rat brain synaptosomes, demonstrated that prolintane is a hybrid compound — a potent DAT and NET inhibitor that also acts as a SERT substrate, inducing hSERT-mediated ionic currents and tritiated serotonin efflux at the human serotonin transportersupported

Prolintane and analogs induced hSERT-mediated ionic currents and serotonin efflux — classifying them as hybrid compounds at human monoamine transporters. j.jbc.2025.110903

This serotonin-releasing activity was not observed in rat brain synaptosomes, representing a significant species difference that means prior rat-only pharmacology underestimated prolintane's serotonergic activity in humans.supported

SERT inhibitory potencies at least 10-fold weaker at hSERT vs rSERT... classifying them as hybrid compounds at human monoamine transporters. j.jbc.2025.110903

An earlier case report by Paya et al. (2002) described prolintane as a dopamine releaser and diphenhydramine as a dopamine reuptake inhibitor — characterizations that reverse the established pharmacologysupported

Proposed mechanism: prolintane induces dopamine release at synapse; diphenhydramine inhibits dopamine reuptake — synergistic dopaminergic potentiation. pmid:11819155

Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

Vickers and Polsky (2000) described the general biotransformation pathway for pyrrolidine-containing xenobiotics, including prolintane, to lactam metabolitessupported

Review of lactam metabolite formation from N-heterocyclic compounds including prolintane. Pathway involves iminium ion intermediates oxidized by aldehyde oxidases, or via CYP450 through carbinolamine. pmid:11465044

Species differences in lactam formation rates arise from variation in aldehyde oxidase and CYP450 isozyme expression and concentrationsupported

Identifies species differences in lactam formation based on aldehyde oxidase and CYP450 activity. pmid:11465044

These values are consistent with the pharmacodynamic timecourse observed in controlled sleep and performance studies (cognitive enhancement at 2.5 hours post-dose; REM suppression concentrated in the first 2 hours of post-dose sleep), but formal PK confirmation is lacking.partially supported

prolintane HCl 5 and 10mg reduced REM sleep in first 2h after sleep onset; no change in sleep latencies or slow wave sleep. pmid:6101960

Prolintane (1-(1-phenylpentan-2-yl)pyrrolidine) is a synthetic pyrrolidine-class stimulant that acts primarily as a norepinephrine-dopamine reuptake inhibitor (NDRI), with recently characterized serotonin-releasing activity at the human serotonin transporter (hSERT)supported

Prolintane is a synthetic stimulant that acts by inhibiting the uptake of dopamine and norepinephrine into neurons... Prolintane and analogs induced hSERT-mediated ionic currents and serotonin efflux — classifying them as hybrid compounds at human monoamine transporters. j.jbc.2025.110903

Prolintane was synthesized in the 1950s by Thomae (a Boehringer Ingelheim predecessor) and prescribed across Europe, South Africa, and Australia for fatigue, narcolepsy, and ADHD before market withdrawal in 2001 due to abuse liability concernspartially supported

Initially prescribed for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and narcolepsy, its medical use was discontinued due to concerns about abuse liability. j.jbc.2025.110903

The compound's research significance has grown since 2022, when rodent behavioral pharmacology studies confirmed its rewarding properties via conditioned place preference and intravenous self-administration paradigms, and a 2025 study revealed a species-dependent serotonergic mechanism absent in earlier rat-based assays.partially supported

Prolintane increased locomotor activity, produced conditioned place preference, supported intravenous self-administration. j.neuropharm.2021.108917

The compound's research significance has grown since 2022, when rodent behavioral pharmacology studies confirmed its rewarding properties via conditioned place preference and intravenous self-administration paradigms, and a 2025 study revealed a species-dependent serotonergic mechanism absent in earlier rat-based assays.partially supported

Prolintane and analogs induced hSERT-mediated ionic currents and serotonin efflux — classifying them as hybrid compounds at human monoamine transporters. j.jbc.2025.110903

Prolintane blocks the dopamine transporter (DAT) and norepinephrine transporter (NET) in a manner pharmacologically analogous to cocaine and methylphenidate rather than amphetamine — that is, it inhibits reuptake without inducing vesicular releasesupported

Compared to amphetamine, prolintane mechanism more similar to methylphenidate, cocaine, amfonelic acid — acting as a reuptake inhibitor rather than releaser. pmid:572552

At human transporters, however, prolintane also functions as a SERT substrate, inducing serotonin efflux — a hybrid mechanism not observed in rat tissuesupported

Prolintane and analogs induced hSERT-mediated ionic currents and serotonin efflux — classifying them as hybrid compounds at human monoamine transporters. SERT inhibitory potencies at least 10-fold weaker at hSERT vs rSERT. j.jbc.2025.110903

The subjective profile at therapeutic doses (10–20 mg oral) is characterized by mild cognitive enhancement, wakefulness promotion, and dose-dependent REM sleep suppression, with set, setting, and individual catecholamine tone modulating the experience.partially supported

Prolintane at 2.5h improved sign recording test performance (mental task). Doses in 10-20mg range commonly used medically. pmid:6471970

The subjective profile at therapeutic doses (10–20 mg oral) is characterized by mild cognitive enhancement, wakefulness promotion, and dose-dependent REM sleep suppression, with set, setting, and individual catecholamine tone modulating the experience.partially supported

Prolintane 15 and 30mg reduced REM sleep (delayed first REM period, reduced total REM) in 6 healthy males. Increased awakenings early in the night at higher doses. pmid:7437258

Cardiovascular safety data are limited to rodent models, where prolintane produces hERG potassium channel inhibition and QT interval prolongation — markers of ventricular arrhythmia risksupported

QT prolongation and hERG potassium channel inhibition observed at certain concentrations — ventricular arrhythmia risk. 01480545.2022.2049289

Rodent studies confirm abuse potential via mesolimbic dopamine elevation and self-administration, though at a moderate level relative to methamphetaminepartially supported

Results indicate moderate abuse potential similar to cocaine at moderate level. j.neuropharm.2021.108917

In drug discrimination paradigms, cumulative prolintane doses up to 10 mg/kg intraperitoneally produced only 38.57% cocaine-appropriate responding in cocaine-trained mice — a partial substitution indicating overlapping but non-identical discriminative stimulus propertiessupported

partially substituted for cocaine in drug discrimination (38.57% at up to 10 mg/kg). j.neuropharm.2021.108917

At therapeutic oral doses (10–20 mg), prolintane produced minimal cardiovascular effects in a controlled comparison with ephedrine, fenfluramine, and phentermine — each of which generated more pronounced blood pressure and heart rate changessupported

Minimal cardiovascular effects (vs ephedrine which significantly raised BP and HR). pmid:6471970

The critical differentiator is prolintane's hybrid mechanism — potent DAT/NET reuptake inhibition combined with SERT substrate activity (serotonin efflux) at human transporterssupported

Prolintane analogs display potent uptake inhibition at DAT and NET... Prolintane and analogs induced hSERT-mediated ionic currents and serotonin efflux — classifying them as hybrid compounds at human monoamine transporters. j.jbc.2025.110903

Pyrovalerone is the beta-keto derivative of prolintane — structurally identical except for a carbonyl group at the benzylic positionpartially supported

Pyrovalerone (4-methyl-β-keto-prolintane) is a synthetic cathinone. brb3.1420

Claim in comparative-pharmacology — not_supportednot supportedworking →

The authors characterized prolintane's abuse potential as moderate relative to cocaine.supported

Results indicate moderate abuse potential similar to cocaine at moderate level. j.neuropharm.2021.108917

Prolintane blocks transporter-mediated reuptake without inducing reverse transport — as demonstrated by the DOPAC enhancement pattern in rat brain following spiperone treatmentsupported

Prolintane enhanced increase in DOPAC (dopamine metabolite) in rats treated with spiperone... acting as a reuptake inhibitor rather than releaser. pmid:572552

The serotonin-releasing activity at human SERT does introduce a release component, but this is restricted to the serotonergic system and has ≥10-fold lower potency than the catecholaminergic reuptake inhibition.partially supported

SERT inhibitory potencies at least 10-fold weaker at hSERT vs rSERT... Prolintane and analogs induced hSERT-mediated ionic currents and serotonin efflux. j.jbc.2025.110903

The Spanish pharmaceutical company FHER marketed the compound as Katovit — orange-coated tablets containing 200 mg prolintane combined with vitamins, sold over the counter at approximately €1.93 per 20-tablet packpartially supported

Prolintane found in orange tablets ('Katovit') sold at rave parties in south-west France. Katovit: available in Spain OTC with vitamins, 200mg prolintane per tablet, sold at low price. pmid:11974443

Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

A double-blind trial by Gmür and Angst (1977) evaluated prolintane (as Katovit) in combination with oxazepam against opipramol for depressive syndromessupported

No abstract available in PubMed record. Double-blind study of prolintane (Katovit brand) combined with oxazepam for depressive syndromes, compared with opipramol. pmid:330439

Medical use was discontinued more broadly as abuse liability became increasingly recognized.supported

its medical use was discontinued due to concerns about abuse liability. j.jbc.2025.110903

Gaulier et al. (2002) documented prolintane use at rave parties in southwest France, where Katovit tablets circulated as a cheap stimulantsupported

Prolintane found in orange tablets ('Katovit') sold at rave parties in south-west France... sold at low price. pmid:11974443

The first medically documented cases of prolintane abuse in the United States were reported by Kyle and Daley in 2007supported

First US-documented cases of prolintane abuse. pmid:17725890

Since the mid-2010s, prolintane has appeared on research chemical markets as a novel psychoactive substance (NPS).supported

Review of NPS cognitive enhancers. Prolintane listed among substances found on psychonaut forums and research chemical markets. fpsyt.2020.546796

Mesolimbic reward pathway: Lee et al. (2022) demonstrated that a single intraperitoneal injection of prolintane at 20 mg/kg significantly increased extracellular dopamine concentrations in the striatum via in vivo microdialysissupported

Single injection (20 mg/kg IP) significantly increased extracellular dopamine in striatum. j.neuropharm.2021.108917

This mesolimbic dopamine elevation is the canonical neural substrate of stimulant reward and explains the conditioned place preference and intravenous self-administration observed in the same studysupported

Prolintane increased locomotor activity, produced conditioned place preference, supported intravenous self-administration... Single injection (20 mg/kg IP) significantly increased extracellular dopamine in striatum. j.neuropharm.2021.108917

Prefrontal executive modulation: The cognitive enhancement observed in human studies — improved sign recording performance at 2.5 hours post-dose — is consistent with catecholamine-mediated potentiation of prefrontal cortical functionsupported

Prolintane at 2.5h improved sign recording test performance (mental task). pmid:6471970

Serotonergic modulation: The species-dependent SERT substrate activity identified by Kastner et al. (2025) — present at human but not rat transporters — implies that prolintane induces serotonin efflux in human brain in addition to catecholamine reuptake inhibitionsupported

Prolintane and analogs induced hSERT-mediated ionic currents and serotonin efflux — classifying them as hybrid compounds at human monoamine transporters. SERT inhibitory potencies at least 10-fold weaker at hSERT vs rSERT. j.jbc.2025.110903

Neuroinflammatory signals: Jeong et al. (2023) documented shortened IBA-1 (ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1) immunoreactive process length in rodent brain tissue following prolintane administrationsupported

IHC showed shortened IBA-1 (microglial marker) length suggesting neuroinflammation. 01480545.2022.2049289

DAT blockade increases dopamine in the nucleus accumbens, potentiating the wanting signal — the motivational drive to seek the drug — while the subjective liking component appears moderate based on the partial cocaine substitution (38.57% cocaine-appropriate responding)supported

Single injection (20 mg/kg IP) significantly increased extracellular dopamine in striatum... partially substituted for cocaine in drug discrimination (38.57% at up to 10 mg/kg). j.neuropharm.2021.108917

Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

Cognitive performance enhancement peaks at approximately 2.5 hours after oral administration of 10–20 mgsupported

Prolintane at 2.5h improved sign recording test performance (mental task). Doses in 10-20mg range commonly used medically. pmid:6471970

REM sleep suppression is concentrated in the first 2 hours after sleep onset when prolintane is administered before sleep at doses of 5–30 mgpartially supported

prolintane HCl 5 and 10mg reduced REM sleep in first 2h after sleep onset. pmid:6101960

REM sleep suppression is concentrated in the first 2 hours after sleep onset when prolintane is administered before sleep at doses of 5–30 mgpartially supported

Prolintane 15 and 30mg reduced REM sleep (delayed first REM period, reduced total REM) in 6 healthy males. pmid:7437258

The metabolic fate of prolintane follows the general pyrrolidine biotransformation pathway described by Vickers and Polsky (2000)supported

Review of lactam metabolite formation from N-heterocyclic compounds including prolintane. Pathway involves iminium ion intermediates oxidized by aldehyde oxidases, or via CYP450 through carbinolamine. pmid:11465044

Species differences in the relative contribution of CYP450 versus aldehyde oxidase to this final step produce variable lactam formation rates across species.supported

Identifies species differences in lactam formation based on aldehyde oxidase and CYP450 activity. pmid:11465044

Yoshihara and Yoshimura (1974) conducted the only published metabolic study, administering prolintane to rats and evaluating the pharmacological activity of the resulting metabolites in micesupported

No abstract available in PubMed record. Study of prolintane metabolites in rats and their pharmacological activity in mice. pmid:4154540

The most informative controlled study of prolintane in humans is a double-blind, placebo-controlled comparison of single oral doses of prolintane HCl (10 mg and 20 mg) against ephedrine, fenfluramine, and phentermine in healthy medical student volunteers.supported

Double-blind placebo-controlled study in medical students. Single oral doses of prolintane HCl 10 or 20 mg. Minimal cardiovascular effects (vs ephedrine which significantly raised BP and HR). pmid:6471970

At low doses (5–10 mg oral), prolintane reduced REM sleep during the first 2 hours after sleep onset without altering sleep latency or slow-wave sleep.supported

prolintane HCl 5 and 10mg reduced REM sleep in first 2h after sleep onset; no change in sleep latencies or slow wave sleep. pmid:6101960

At higher doses (15–30 mg oral), prolintane significantly reduced total REM sleep — both delaying the first REM period and reducing cumulative REM time — while increasing awakenings during the early night and prolonging wakefulness in some subjectssupported

Prolintane 15 and 30mg reduced REM sleep (delayed first REM period, reduced total REM) in 6 healthy males. Increased awakenings early in the night at higher doses. pmid:7437258

A double-blind trial evaluated prolintane (as Katovit) combined with oxazepam against opipramol for depressive syndromessupported

No abstract available in PubMed record. Double-blind study of prolintane (Katovit brand) combined with oxazepam for depressive syndromes, compared with opipramol. pmid:330439

Kyle and Daley (2007) reported the first documented US cases of prolintane abuse:supported

First US-documented cases of prolintane abuse. pmid:17725890

The Kastner et al. (2025) study reports assay data for prolintane and novel analogs but presents results primarily as IC₅₀ ratios and relative potency comparisons rather than isolated prolintane values in the abstractsupported

SERT inhibitory potencies at least 10-fold weaker at hSERT vs rSERT. j.jbc.2025.110903

SERT: ≥10-fold weaker than DAT at human transporters; substrate activity (serotonin efflux) at hSERT; no substrate activity in rat synaptosomespartially supported

SERT inhibitory potencies at least 10-fold weaker at hSERT vs rSERT... Prolintane and analogs induced hSERT-mediated ionic currents and serotonin efflux. j.jbc.2025.110903

Across the pyrovalerone-type class, DAT IC₅₀ values ranged from 0.02 to 8.7 µM, NET IC₅₀ values from 0.03 to 4.6 µM, and SERT activity was absent below 10 µM in rat tissue preparationssupported

All are potent DAT (IC50=0.02-8.7μM) and NET (IC50=0.03-4.6μM) inhibitors with no SERT activity <10μM. ijms22158277

Claim in receptor-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

The compound is structurally related to pyrovalerone, which is its beta-keto (carbonyl-bearing) derivativesupported

Pyrovalerone (4-methyl-β-keto-prolintane) is a synthetic cathinone. brb3.1420

The absence of a carbonyl group at the benzylic position distinguishes prolintane from its beta-keto analog pyrovalerone.supported

Pyrovalerone (4-methyl-β-keto-prolintane) is a synthetic cathinone. brb3.1420

Among NDRI stimulants, prolintane sits between methylphenidate and cocaine in reinforcing efficacy — producing conditioned place preference and self-administration in rodents, but with only partial substitution for cocaine in discrimination paradigms (38.57% cocaine-appropriate responding)supported

produced conditioned place preference, supported intravenous self-administration, and partially substituted for cocaine in drug discrimination (38.57% at up to 10 mg/kg). j.neuropharm.2021.108917