generation run 2026-05-09
55 min completedmodel pipeline-v5plan not recordedrun/c0d817f5…Selection
Verification
- record
- seen / partial
- working
The model's own caveats
- structural_inference
- safety_data_unverified
- sparse_evidence
Reproduce
- inputs
- 21 source keys (listed under Sources)
- plan
- not recorded — template version, prompt hash and git SHA are written from 2026-09 onward
- model
- pipeline-v5
- streams
- none — agent transcripts are persisted from 2026-09 onward
15 searches — query, source, results, what was kept and why
| # | source | query | seen | kept | rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PubMed | deschloroetizolam thienodiazepine | 1 | 1 | Only direct PubMed result for deschloroetizolam query. Useful clinical overview. |
| 2 | OpenAlex | deschloroetizolam pharmacology | 39 | 7 | Selected papers specifically mentioning deschloroetizolam or providing highly relevant class-level pharmacology. |
| 3 | PubMed | etizolam pharmacokinetics metabolism human | 10 | 1 | Yamamoto study establishes etizolam is substrate of CYP2C19 and CYP3A - directly relevant to deschloroetizolam analog inference. |
| 4 | OpenAlex | deschloroetizolam etizolam designer benzodiazepine | 38 | 4 | Selected papers directly referencing deschloroetizolam or providing key analytical/clinical data. |
| 5 | PubChem | deschloroetizolam | 1 | 1 | Primary chemical identity verification. All seed chemical data confirmed. |
| 6 | ClinicalTrials.gov · absence | deschloroetizolam | 0 | — | No trials registered - confirms research chemical status with no clinical development. |
| 7 | CFSRE NMS Labs Monograph | deschloroetizolam monograph | 1 | 1 | Comprehensive reference document with chemical identifiers, history, and patent references. |
| 8 | WebSearch | deschloroetizolam legal status scheduling US UK EU Australia DEA analog act | 10 | 1 | Legal status across major jurisdictions. |
| 9 | WebSearch | deschloroetizolam synthesis history Yoshitomi etizolam analog 1970s patent research | 10 | 2 | Historical synthesis context and original patent documentation. |
| 10 | PubMed | urine analysis 28 designer benzodiazepines liquid chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry | 2 | 1 | Clinical detection data for deschloroetizolam in acute intoxication. |
| 11 | WebSearch | deschloroetizolam self-experiment saliva 6mg pharmacokinetics detection window | 10 | 1 | Only published human PK data specifically for deschloroetizolam. |
| 12 | WebSearch | Huppertz Bisel deschloroetizolam clonazolam flubromazolam characterization in vitro metabolites Forensic Toxicology 2015 | 10 | 1 | Key primary source for deschloroetizolam characterization and metabolite identification. |
| 13 | WebSearch | deschloroetizolam DEA Schedule I US federal 2024 2025 2026 controlled substance | 10 | 1 | Critical for legal status section - confirms deschloroetizolam's current unscheduled federal status. |
| 14 | PubMed | benzodiazepine GABA-A receptor allosteric modulation alpha subunit selectivity anxiolytic hypnotic | 10 | 2 | Mechanism papers documenting GABA-A subunit selectivity relevant to deschloroetizolam's pharmacological profile. |
| 15 | ClinicalTrials.gov · absence | deschloroetizolam | 0 | — | Confirms no clinical development. |
66 claims by section — every cited sentence, checked against its source
safety18 · 7 ok
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
In the STRIDA database (Swedish intoxication surveillance, 2012–2016), one confirmed deschloroetizolam case was documented among 217 NPS benzodiazepine intoxication cases; that case responded positively to flumazenilsupported
217 NPS BZD intoxication cases in Sweden 2012-2016. Deschloroetizolam confirmed in 1 case. All cases responded to flumazenil. 15563650.2018.1506130
Pettersson Bergstrand et al. (2018) detected deschloroetizolam at 5 ng/mL in one urine sample from an acute intoxication case, though clinical details for that specific case were not reported.supported
Deschloroetizolam LLOQ: 5 ng/mL. Detected in 1 acute intoxication case (STRIDA) at 5 ng/mL. j.clinms.2018.08.004
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Mortality associated with designer benzodiazepine misuse occurs almost exclusively in polydrug combinations.supported
Discusses polysubstance context, flumazenil reversibility, metabolic variation, and detection in driving cases. cpdd.667
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Rebound anxiety: Anxiety symptoms exceeding baseline levels during offset and for days following use, reinforcing continued usesupported
Review of BZD dependence mechanisms: GABA-A receptor downregulation, glutamatergic sensitization. Tolerance mediated by complex neurobiological changes. ijms27031430
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Concurrent compensatory sensitization of glutamatergic NMDA receptor-mediated transmission produces the excitatory/inhibitory imbalance that drives both tolerance and the withdrawal syndrome.supported
Review of BZD dependence mechanisms: GABA-A receptor downregulation, glutamatergic sensitization. ijms27031430
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Pharmacokinetic interactions center on the presumed CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 metabolic pathways (inferred from etizolam data)supported
Etizolam is substrate of CYP2C19 and CYP3A. jcph.956
The interaction is compounded in CYP2C19 poor metabolizers, where a 6-fold increase in etizolam AUC has been demonstrated with concurrent CYP3A4 inhibition.supported
PMs+itraconazole: 6.18x higher AUC vs EMs alone. jcph.956
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
pharmacology8 · 6 ok
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Subunit composition determines the pharmacological output: α1-containing GABA-A receptors mediate sedation and hypnosis; α2- and α3-containing receptors mediate anxiolysis and muscle relaxation; α5-containing receptors contribute to cognitive impairment and amnesiasupported
GABA-A subunit selectivity: alpha1=sedation, alpha2/3=anxiolysis and muscle relaxation, alpha5=cognitive impairment. pmid:22204488
The only published controlled-exposure study is Ameline et al. (2018, Part II), which documented oral fluid (saliva) concentrations following a single 6 mg oral self-administration by a researcher volunteersupported
Self-experiment (6 mg oral deschloroetizolam). Saliva sampling with NeoSal device over 18 hours. ftd.0000000000000557
Greenblatt and Greenblatt (2019) reference the existence of "single-volunteer studies" documenting deschloroetizolam half-life data in a format attributed to Moosmann and Auwärter's self-experiment methodology, but the specific elimination half-life value was not recoverable from available abstracts.supported
Notes deschloroetizolam half-life data derives from single-volunteer studies. cpdd.667
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Huppertz et al. (2015) performed in vitro Phase I metabolite identification using human liver microsomes (HLM)supported
Human liver microsome incubation identified in vitro Phase I metabolites. s11419-015-0277-6
Designer benzodiazepines including deschloroetizolam undergo Phase I and Phase II metabolism similar to traditional benzodiazepines, but their specific metabolic pathways and the influence of genetic polymorphisms remain uncharacterized.supported
Notes phase I and II metabolism similar to traditional BZDs. Specific metabolic pathways unclear. aiht-2023-74-3771
Yamamoto et al. (2017) demonstrated in a 16-participant clinical study that etizolam is a dual substrate of these enzymes: CYP2C19 poor metabolizers exhibited 2.65-fold higher etizolam AUC relative to extensive metabolizers, and the addition of itraconazole (a CYP3A4 inhibitor) produced a 6.18-fold AUC increase in poor metabolizers versus extensive metabolizerspartially supported
Etizolam is substrate of CYP2C19 and CYP3A. Itraconazole increased etizolam AUC 1.66x in EMs, 2.34x in PMs. PMs+itraconazole: 6.18x higher AUC vs EMs alone. jcph.956
history7 · 2 ok
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
By late 2015, Łukasik-Głębocka et al. listed deschloroetizolam among the designer benzodiazepines confirmed available on research chemical marketssupported
Paper lists deschloroetizolam among known designer benzodiazepines available in 2015. 15563650.2015.1112907
The Swedish STRIDA project (2012–2016) detected deschloroetizolam in at least one confirmed acute intoxication case.supported
217 NPS BZD intoxication cases in Sweden 2012-2016. Deschloroetizolam confirmed in 1 case. 15563650.2018.1506130
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
pharmacokinetic-detail7 · 6 ok
The only controlled human pharmacokinetic data come from the saliva study by Ameline et al. (2018), in which a single 6 mg oral dose produced peak saliva concentrations at approximately 30 minutes post-ingestionsupported
Self-experiment (6 mg oral deschloroetizolam). Saliva sampling with NeoSal device over 18 hours. Peak concentration at 30 minutes. ftd.0000000000000557
The 18-hour saliva detection window documented by Ameline et al. provides a lower bound on the effective duration of detectable concentrations following a 6 mg oral dose, though saliva concentrations do not directly reflect plasma pharmacokinetics.supported
Rapid decline but detectable for entire 18-hour observation period. ftd.0000000000000557
Greenblatt and Greenblatt (2019) cite the existence of half-life data from a single-volunteer self-experiment study, attributed to a methodology described by Moosmann and Auwärter, but the specific numerical value was not available from the published abstract.supported
Notes deschloroetizolam half-life data derives from single-volunteer studies. cpdd.667
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
In vitro incubation with human liver microsomes produced at least one monohydroxylated and one dihydroxylated Phase I metabolitesupported
Deschloroetizolam metabolites: at least one monohydroxylated and one dihydroxylated metabolite. s11419-015-0277-6
Phase II conjugation reactions (glucuronidation, sulfation) are expected to follow, consistent with the general benzodiazepine metabolic pattern, but have not been specifically demonstrated for deschloroetizolam.supported
Notes phase I and II metabolism similar to traditional BZDs. Specific metabolic pathways unclear. aiht-2023-74-3771
By analogy to etizolam — a confirmed dual substrate of CYP2C19 and CYP3A4 — these isoforms are the most likely candidatessupported
Etizolam is substrate of CYP2C19 and CYP3A. jcph.956
summary6 · 3 ok
Deschloroetizolam (also known as Etizolam-2; CAS 40054-73-7) is a thienotriazolodiazepine — a positive allosteric modulator of the GABA-A receptor — that occupies the low-potency end of the designer benzodiazepine spectrumsupported
Deschloroetizolam ranked among least potent DBZDs. Potency score derived from structural analysis and user reports. 0269881119901096
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
The single published human exposure study documented saliva concentrations after a 6 mg oral self-administration.supported
Self-experiment (6 mg oral deschloroetizolam). Saliva sampling with NeoSal device over 18 hours. ftd.0000000000000557
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
The experiential profile — sedation, anxiolysis, muscle relaxation, cognitive impairment, and mild euphoria — mirrors the benzodiazepine class at large, though comparative trip-report analysis places deschloroetizolam among the least potent and least euphorigenic of the designer benzodiazepines studiedsupported
Deschloroetizolam ranked among least potent DBZDs. Pyrazolam most anxiolytic, flubromazolam most hypnotic, etizolam most euphoric. 0269881119901096
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
chemistry5 · 1 ok
Claim in chemistry — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in chemistry — not_supportednot supportedworking →
Claim in chemistry — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
This structural modification reduces potency relative to the parent compound — the 2'-chloro substituent in etizolam contributes to enhanced receptor binding, and its removal produces a measurably weaker GABA-A modulator.supported
Deschloroetizolam ranked among least potent DBZDs. Potency score derived from structural analysis and user reports. 0269881119901096
Claim in chemistry — not_supportednot supportedworking →
comparative-pharmacology4 · 2 ok
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
El Balkhi et al. (2020) derived comparative potency scores from 197 user trip reports across 10 designer benzodiazepinessupported
Analysis of 197 trip reports for 10 DBZDs including deschloroetizolam. Potency score derived from structural analysis and user reports. 0269881119901096
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Euphoria: User reports consistently describe etizolam as more euphorigenic than deschloroetizolamsupported
Etizolam most euphoric. 0269881119901096
neuroscience4 · 2 ok
The primary neural consequence is widespread reduction in neuronal excitability, producing the characteristic depressant phenotype: slowed cortical processing (sedation, cognitive impairment), reduced amygdala reactivity (anxiolysis), decreased motor neuron excitability (muscle relaxation), and suppression of ascending reticular activating system activity (hypnosis).supported
GABA-A subunit selectivity: alpha1=sedation, alpha2/3=anxiolysis and muscle relaxation, alpha5=cognitive impairment. pmid:22204488
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
This molecular tolerance develops rapidly — within days of continuous dosing — and is accompanied by compensatory upregulation of glutamatergic (NMDA receptor-mediated) excitatory transmissionsupported
Review of BZD dependence mechanisms: GABA-A receptor downregulation, glutamatergic sensitization. ijms27031430
receptor-pharmacology4 · 3 ok
Etizolam, the 2'-chloro parent compound, displaces ³H-diazepam from synaptosomal membranes in rat cerebral cortex, confirming activity at this sitesupported
Etizolam displaced 3H-diazepam from rat cerebral cortex synaptosomal membranes. pmid:1965554
Claim in receptor-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
El Balkhi et al. (2020) analyzed 197 user trip reports across 10 designer benzodiazepines to derive comparative potency scoressupported
Analysis of 197 trip reports for 10 DBZDs including deschloroetizolam. Potency score derived from structural analysis and user reports. 0269881119901096
The structure-activity relationship is straightforward: the 2'-chloro substituent on etizolam's phenyl ring enhances potency, and its removal in deschloroetizolam reduces potency relative to the parent compoundsupported
Deschloroetizolam ranked among least potent DBZDs. Potency score derived from structural analysis and user reports. 0269881119901096
effects-overview2 · 1 ok
Relative to etizolam, deschloroetizolam produces a qualitatively similar but quantitatively attenuated experience — less euphoria, less anxiolytic potency per milligram, and less amnesia at equipotent dosessupported
Deschloroetizolam ranked among least potent DBZDs. Etizolam most euphoric. 0269881119901096
Claim in effects-overview — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
clinical-evidence1 · 1 ok
The only published human exposure data come from a single self-administration study by Ameline et al. (2018), which documented saliva pharmacokinetics following a 6 mg oral dose in one researcher volunteersupported
Self-experiment (6 mg oral deschloroetizolam). Saliva sampling with NeoSal device over 18 hours. ftd.0000000000000557