generation run 2026-05-13
71 min completedmodel pipeline-v5plan not recordedrun/b6f77dec…Selection
Verification
- record
- seen / partial
- working
The model's own caveats
4 further caveats recorded as free text — readable on the working page
Reproduce
- inputs
- 33 source keys (listed under Sources)
- plan
- not recorded — template version, prompt hash and git SHA are written from 2026-09 onward
- model
- pipeline-v5
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- none — agent transcripts are persisted from 2026-09 onward
25 searches — query, source, results, what was kept and why
| # | source | query | seen | kept | rationale |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | PubMed · absence | changa DMT MAOI smoking preparation psychedelic | 0 | 0 | No published literature exists under 'changa' as a named preparation in PubMed |
| 2 | ClinicalTrials.gov | DMT dimethyltryptamine inhalation | 10 | 7 | — |
| 3 | PubChem | harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine | 3 | 3 | — |
| 4 | WebSearch | DMT Schedule I legal status DEA United States international | 10 | 2 | — |
| 5 | PubChem | N,N-dimethyltryptamine | 1 | 1 | — |
| 6 | PubMed | Strassman DMT human study intravenous dose effects | 2 | 2 | — |
| 7 | PubMed | harmala alkaloids harmine harmaline tetrahydroharmine monoamine oxidase inhibitor pharmacology | 10 | 5 | — |
| 8 | PubMed | ayahuasca adverse events serotonin syndrome case report | 1 | 1 | — |
| 9 | PubMed | ayahuasca pharmacokinetics DMT plasma harmine oral | 4 | 4 | — |
| 10 | OpenAlex | changa DMT smoking blend MAOI harmala psychedelic | 2 | 2 | Both directly relevant to Changa's pharmacology |
| 11 | WebSearch | changa DMT smoking blend Julian Palmer history psychedelic preparation | 10 | 2 | Non-peer-reviewed sources; used as fallback for preparation history not in academic literature |
| 12 | PubMed | N,N-dimethyltryptamine smoked pharmacokinetics effects | 2 | 2 | Both directly relevant to Changa's smoked DMT pharmacokinetics |
| 13 | WebSearch | changa DMT legal status UK Australia Canada Europe scheduled | 10 | 1 | — |
| 14 | ClinicalTrials.gov | DMT dimethyltryptamine inhalation | 10 | 4 | — |
| 15 | WebFetch | Extract changa composition, preparation, dose, effects | 1 | 1 | — |
| 16 | WebSearch | Peganum harmala legal status United States DEA scheduled | 10 | 1 | — |
| 17 | WebSearch | changa DMT dose milligrams smoking threshold heavy harm reduction | 10 | 1 | — |
| 18 | PubMed | PMIDs 39254764, 38363085, 8297217, 8297216, 6587171, 12660312, 12361741, 20219660 | 8 | 1 | — |
| 19 | PubMed | harmaline tremor neurotoxicity cerebellar adverse effects | 6 | 2 | — |
| 20 | WebSearch | DMT Schedule I legal status DEA United States international | 10 | 2 | — |
| 21 | PubChem | N,N-dimethyltryptamine, harmine, harmaline, tetrahydroharmine | 4 | 4 | — |
| 22 | Multiple sources | Cross-reference changa dose, preparation, history across web sources and academic literature | 4 | 4 | — |
| 23 | Multiple PubMed articles | Extract DMT and beta-carboline PubChem chemical identity data | 4 | — | — |
| 24 | PubMed | ayahuasca DMT antidepressant clinical trial treatment resistant depression vaporized | 7 | 3 | — |
| 25 | Crossref/verify_doi | Verify DOIs for Egger 2024, Halman 2024, Egger 2025 | 3 | 3 | — |
74 claims by section — every cited sentence, checked against its source
safety29 · 15 ok
Ayahuasca (DMT + harmala alkaloids, oral) is characterized as generally safe in healthy populations in controlled settings, based on a systematic thematic review of 78 articlessupported
Systematic thematic review of 78 articles. Generally safe; some adverse events reported. Acceptable safety profile in controlled settings. 10915818241230916
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Oral ayahuasca increases diastolic blood pressure by approximately 9 mmHg at high doses (0.85 mg/kg DMT equivalent)supported
Diastolic BP increased ~9 mmHg at high dose. pmid:12660312
Neurological: Harmaline produces generalized tremor in animal models and is the standard experimental model of essential tremorsupported
Beta-carbolines are highly tremorogenic in animals. Administration of beta-CAs is the main experimental model of essential tremor. s12311-015-0751-z
At high parenteral doses in rats, harmaline causes selective degeneration of Purkinje cells in the cerebellar vermis via sustained activation of inferior olivary neurons and climbing-fiber excitotoxicitysupported
Both ibogaine and harmaline caused selective degeneration of Purkinje cells in rat cerebellar vermis. Mechanism: sustained activation of inferior olivary neurons leading to excitotoxic damage via climbing fiber glutamate. pmid:8377927
Rhabdomyolysis: A single case report documents severe rhabdomyolysis (creatine kinase 110,659 IU/L) with stage 3 acute kidney injury (creatinine 13.6 mg/dL) following ayahuasca ingestion, attributed to catecholaminergic surge, hyperactivity, and dehydration.supported
Case report: ayahuasca-associated rhabdomyolysis (CK 110,659 IU/L) with AKI (Cr 13.6 mg/dL). Multifactorial pathogenesis including catecholaminergic surge, hyperactivity, dehydration. cureus.92568
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Hepatic: A cohort study of 22 volunteers consuming ayahuasca at least twice monthly for one year or longer found no significant alterations in liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin, creatinine).supported
22 volunteers consuming ayahuasca twice monthly or more for ≥1 year. No significant alterations in liver function tests (ALT, AST, bilirubin, creatinine, etc.). 02791072.2018.1557355
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Intravenous DMT at fully psychoactive doses (0.2–0.4 mg/kg) produces hallucinations, loss of control of thought, and dissociative states in a proportion of participants.supported
Hallucinations at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg including brightly colored visuals, loss of control and dissociated state. archpsyc.1994.03950020022002
The Global Ayahuasca Survey (n = 10,836 respondents from over 50 countries) reported mental health adverse effects in the weeks or months following use in 55.9% of respondents; however, 88% of those reporting such effects considered them part of a positive growth processsupported
Global survey n=10,836 from 50+ countries. Mental health adverse effects in 55.9%; ~88% considered them part of positive growth process. journal.pgph.0000438
Acute physical adverse effects, primarily vomiting, were reported by 69.9%supported
Acute physical adverse effects (primarily vomiting) in 69.9%. journal.pgph.0000438
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Smith and colleagues demonstrated profound desensitization at 5-HT₂C but not 5-HT₂A receptors, a pattern consistent with DMT's absence of functional tolerance in humans across sessions at typical use frequenciessupported
5-HT2C shows profound desensitization; absence of tolerance in humans may relate to 5-HT2C playing less prominent role. pmid:9768567
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Serotonergic medications (high severity — mechanism-based): Concurrent use with SSRIs or SNRIs risks serotonin syndrome through dual mechanisms: pharmacodynamic potentiation of serotonergic activity by MAO-A inhibition, and pharmacokinetic inhibition of CYP2D6 by SSRIs (fluoxetine, paroxetine), which markedly increases both DMT and harmine plasma levelssupported
PBPK models predicting impact of SSRI (fluoxetine, paroxetine) co-administration on DMT and harmine exposure. Relevant to serotonin syndrome risk and CYP2D6 interactions. fmolb.2026.1768402
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Lithium: Case reports describe seizures with combinations of lithium and psychedelics; the mechanism remains unclear.supported
Interactions with antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, mood stabilisers, recreational drugs. Few serious adverse events except case reports. 02698811231211219
Claim in safety — not_supportednot supportedworking →
Pregnancy (absolute): Reproductive toxicity of ayahuasca at suprapharmacological doses in rats — including maternal death, embryolethality, and fetal anomalies — contraindicates use during pregnancy.supported
Ayahuasca at 4X-8X human doses caused maternal death in rats. Non-lethal doses induced embryolethality and fetal anomalies. Daily use by pregnant women may pose risks. j.reprotox.2018.03.002
This contraindication is mechanism-based, supported by PBPK modelling demonstrating markedly increased DMT and harmine plasma concentrations with CYP2D6-inhibiting SSRIs.supported
PBPK models predicting impact of SSRI (fluoxetine, paroxetine) co-administration on DMT and harmine exposure. Relevant to serotonin syndrome risk and CYP2D6 interactions. fmolb.2026.1768402
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Hepatic impairment (relative): CYP2D6 is the primary metabolic enzyme for DMT and harmine in the smoked routesupported
Shift from MAO-dependent to CYP-dependent metabolism with smoked route. dta.1685
neuroscience16 · 13 ok
In a study of 25 mg smoked DMT, urinary metabolite distribution was: IAA 63%, DMT-N-oxide 28%, unmetabolized DMT 10%supported
Smoked: fully psychoactive, IAA 63%, DMT-N-oxide 28%, unmetabolized DMT 10%. dta.1685
DMT Cmax 12.14–17.44 ng/mL at 0.6–0.85 mg/kg doses.supported
DMT Cmax 12.14 and 17.44 ng/mL (0.6 and 0.85 mg/kg doses). pmid:12660312
DMT is confirmed as a full agonist at the serotonin 5-HT₂A receptor and a partial agonist at 5-HT₂C, with 5-HT₂A mediating the primary hallucinogenic and perceptual effectssupported
Full agonist at 5-HT2A, partial at 5-HT2C. 5-HT2C shows profound desensitization; absence of tolerance in humans may relate to 5-HT2C playing less prominent role. pmid:9768567
Additional receptor targets include 5-HT₁A (serotonergic anxiolytic/modulatory axis), sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1, implicated in neuroprotection and neuroplasticity), and trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1)supported
DMT activates sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1). SIGMAR1 activation promotes neuroprotection, neuroplasticity, memory reconsolidation. fphar.2018.00330
Additional receptor targets include 5-HT₁A (serotonergic anxiolytic/modulatory axis), sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1, implicated in neuroprotection and neuroplasticity), and trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1)supported
Sigma-1 receptor agonist effects of DMT. fphar.2016.00035
Additional receptor targets include 5-HT₁A (serotonergic anxiolytic/modulatory axis), sigma-1 receptor (SIGMAR1, implicated in neuroprotection and neuroplasticity), and trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1)supported
DMT: 5-HT1A/2A/2C partial agonism + sigma-1 + TAAR. s00018-024-05353-6
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling confirms that harmine reduces DMT metabolism in both liver and lungs.supported
Harmine inhibits DMT metabolism in liver and lungs. kfaf118
The β-carbolines additionally stimulate adult neural stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in mice, suggesting a role in neuroplasticity independent of their MAOI activitysupported
Harmine, THH, harmaline and harmol stimulate neural stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in adult mouse brain. Suggests modulation of brain plasticity as contribution to antidepressant effects. s41598-017-05407-9
Anti-inflammatory effects of B. caapi alkaloids — particularly harmaline and THH — have been demonstrated in microglial cell models, with reduction of proinflammatory cytokine production.supported
B. caapi extract and its alkaloids (harmine, harmaline, THH) reduce proinflammatory cytokine production in BV-2 microglial cells. Harmaline and THH best anti-inflammatory. molecules27082500
In the smoked route, the metabolic pathway shifts from MAO-dependent to CYP-dependent: the ratio of the MAO-mediated metabolite indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) to DMT-N-oxide falls, and unmetabolized DMT rises in plasma and urinesupported
Shift from MAO-dependent to CYP-dependent metabolism with smoked route. Inverse correlation between IAA/DMT-NO ratio and subjective effects. dta.1685
A factorial dose-escalation study of transmucosal DMT combined with harmine demonstrated bidirectional pharmacokinetic interaction: harmine reduced DMT metabolism while DMT altered harmine pharmacokinetics, with combined effects lasting 4–5 hours at oral/transmucosal dosessupported
Dose-dependent effects lasting 4-5h. Harmine reduced DMT metabolism while DMT altered harmine PK. j.biopha.2025.117908
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Intravenous DMT (for comparison): Onset immediate, peak at 90–120 seconds, resolved by 30 minutes.supported
Effects began almost immediately, peaked 90-120 seconds, resolved by 30 min. archpsyc.1994.03950020022002
For oral ayahuasca — the closest studied analogue — neuroimaging demonstrates increased delta and theta oscillations in amygdala and hippocampus, decreased alpha wave activity in the default mode network (DMN), and stimulation of the visual-association cortexsupported
Subjective effects associated with increased delta/theta oscillations in amygdala/hippocampus, decreased alpha in DMN, stimulation of visual cortex. hup.2835
alkaloid-profile9 · 7 ok
harmaline (C₁₃H₁₄N₂O; MW 214.26 g/mol) comprises 39.12% of P. harmala seed extract by GC-MSsupported
GC-MS confirmed harmine 53.13% and harmaline 39.12% as major alkaloids. j.toxicon.2025.108606
Claim in alkaloid-profile — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Quantified alkaloid concentrations in ayahuasca preparations (HPLC-DAD) span wide ranges: DMT 402–2,070.3 µg/mL; harmaline 27.5–181.3 µg/mL; harmine 294.5–2,893.8 µg/mL; THH 849.5–2,052.5 µg/mLsupported
Ayahuasca alkaloid concentrations (HPLC-DAD): DMT 402-2070.3 μg/mL, harmaline 27.5-181.3 μg/mL, harmine 294.5-2893.8 μg/mL, THH 849.5-2052.5 μg/mL. 02791072.2015.1013202
Their inhibitory effects are additive, not synergistic.supported
Beta-carbolines are reversible MAO inhibitors; effects are additive not synergistic. pmid:6587171
In P. harmala seed extract, harmine constitutes 53.13% of identified compounds by GC-MSsupported
GC-MS confirmed harmine 53.13% and harmaline 39.12% as major alkaloids. j.toxicon.2025.108606
It is a potent MAO-A inhibitor and has demonstrated stimulation of adult neurogenesis in vitro.supported
Harmine, THH, harmaline and harmol stimulate neural stem cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation in adult mouse brain. s41598-017-05407-9
Harmaline is a strong MAO-A inhibitor and has been identified as the most pharmacologically problematic β-carboline in preclinical safety modelssupported
Harmaline most problematic in preclinical models. 10915818241230916
Claim in alkaloid-profile — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
It produces generalized tremor in animal models — the canonical experimental model of essential tremor — and causes cerebellar Purkinje cell degeneration at high parenteral doses in rats.supported
Both ibogaine and harmaline caused selective degeneration of Purkinje cells in rat cerebellar vermis. pmid:8377927
summary8 · 7 ok
The preparation's pharmacological foundations rest entirely on constituent-level research: ayahuasca studies establishing the MAO-inhibition mechanism, smoked DMT pharmacokinetic data, and emerging clinical trials of vaporized DMT for treatment-resistant depression.supported
Beta-carbolines are reversible MAO inhibitors; effects are additive not synergistic. MAOI activity protects DMT from first-pass metabolism. pmid:6587171
The preparation's pharmacological foundations rest entirely on constituent-level research: ayahuasca studies establishing the MAO-inhibition mechanism, smoked DMT pharmacokinetic data, and emerging clinical trials of vaporized DMT for treatment-resistant depression.supported
Smoked: fully psychoactive, IAA 63%, DMT-N-oxide 28%, unmetabolized DMT 10%. Shift from MAO-dependent to CYP-dependent metabolism with smoked route. dta.1685
The preparation's pharmacological foundations rest entirely on constituent-level research: ayahuasca studies establishing the MAO-inhibition mechanism, smoked DMT pharmacokinetic data, and emerging clinical trials of vaporized DMT for treatment-resistant depression.supported
Phase 2a open-label dose-escalation of inhaled DMT (15 mg and 60 mg) in 14 TRD patients. 85.71% response rate, 57.14% remission at day 7. s41386-025-02091-6
DMT acts as a full agonist at 5-HT₂A receptors and engages sigma-1, 5-HT₁A, and trace amine-associated receptor 1 (TAAR1) systemspartially supported
DMT: 5-HT1A/2A/2C partial agonism + sigma-1 + TAAR. s00018-024-05353-6
Co-inhaled β-carbolines — harmine, harmaline, and tetrahydroharmine — reversibly inhibit MAO-A in lung and liver tissue, reducing DMT first-pass metabolism and extending its plasma half-life.supported
Harmine inhibits DMT metabolism in liver and lungs. Plasma concentration above threshold more relevant than peak levels. kfaf118
The resulting experience is characterized by vivid visual geometry, internal hallucinations, entity contact phenomena, ego dissolution, and temporal distortionsupported
Hallucinations at 0.2 and 0.4 mg/kg including brightly colored visuals, loss of control and dissociated state. archpsyc.1994.03950020022002
The primary safety concern is serotonin syndrome risk when combined with serotonergic medications (SSRIs, SNRIs, irreversible MAOIs, tramadol)supported
Systematic review of 52 studies on DDIs for LSD, psilocybin, mescaline, DMT, 5-MeO-DMT. Interactions with antidepressants, antipsychotics, anxiolytics, mood stabilisers, recreational drugs. 02698811231211219
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
history5 · 4 ok
No peer-reviewed publication documents this diffusion under the name "changa"; academic literature references the broader category of smokable DMT with MAOI additives only in the context of novel psychoactive substance reviews.supported
Review of NPS tryptamines including structure, pharmacology, recreational use, toxicology, and analytical methods. 1570159x13666141210222409
McKenna, Towers, and Abbott established in 1984 that β-carboline alkaloids in Banisteriopsis caapi function as reversible MAO-A inhibitors whose effects are additive, protecting orally administered DMT from first-pass metabolismsupported
Beta-carbolines are reversible MAO inhibitors; effects are additive not synergistic. MAOI activity protects DMT from first-pass metabolism. pmid:6587171
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Clinical trials of vaporized DMT for treatment-resistant depression, beginning in the 2020s, represent the closest clinical analogue to Changa's inhalation routesupported
Phase 2a open-label dose-escalation of inhaled DMT (15 mg and 60 mg) in 14 TRD patients. s41386-025-02091-6
Clinical trials of vaporized DMT for treatment-resistant depression, beginning in the 2020s, represent the closest clinical analogue to Changa's inhalation routesupported
Open-label pilot trial of vaporized DMT in TRD. First study to investigate vaporized DMT efficacy in treatment-resistant depression. psymed.2024.0002
botanical-overview3 · 2 ok
Claim in botanical-overview — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Chemical profiling confirms MAO-inhibitory and antioxidative activity in multiple Peruvian and South American samplessupported
MAO inhibitory and antioxidative constituents. Relevant to neurological disorders including Parkinson's disease. j.jep.2010.02.013
Seeds contain harmine (53.13% of methanolic extract) and harmaline (39.12%) as dominant alkaloids by GC-MS analysis. P. harmala is not an Amazonian plant; its inclusion in Changa is a modern cross-cultural substitution driven by wider commercial availability and higher β-carboline concentration per unit weight relative to B. caapi.supported
GC-MS confirmed harmine 53.13% and harmaline 39.12% as major alkaloids. j.toxicon.2025.108606
legal-status2 · 2 ok
Specialized GC-MS or LC-MS/MS can detect DMT, harmine, harmaline, and their metabolites in urinepartially supported
Analytical method for plasma quantification of DMT and beta-carboline alkaloids. LOQ: DMT 1.6 ng/mL, harmine 0.5 ng/mL, harmaline 0.3 ng/mL, THH 1.0 ng/mL. pmid:12361741
DMT's primary urinary metabolite, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), is an endogenous compound and non-specific; unmetabolized DMT is detectable in urine following the smoked routesupported
Smoked: fully psychoactive, IAA 63%, DMT-N-oxide 28%, unmetabolized DMT 10%. dta.1685
preparations2 · 1 ok
Claim in preparations — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Potency variability across batches is expected to exceed that documented for ayahuasca preparations, where HPLC-DAD analysis has demonstrated DMT concentrations ranging over a five-fold span (402–2,070.3 µg/mL) across samples.supported
Ayahuasca alkaloid concentrations (HPLC-DAD): DMT 402-2070.3 μg/mL. 02791072.2015.1013202