Bromazepam

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psx:substance/bromazepam/claim/ff0719c0-b9ae-426e-b38f-3bed732ced82

claim2026-07-17workinginconclusive

derived from · upstream

usedInvolvement of the GABAA receptor alpha subunit in the mode of action of etifoxine.psx:substance/bromazepam/src/doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.034

feeds · downstream

informed_bysection/pharmacology.full@1psx:substance/bromazepam/section/pharmacology.full@1

psx:substance/bromazepam/claim/ff0719c0-b9ae-426e-b38f-3bed732ced82
├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.034  Involvement of the GABAA receptor alpha subunit in the mode of action of etifoxine.
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    ├─ used  src/pmid:2882883  Bromazepam pharmacokinetics: influence of age, gender, oral contraceptives, cimetidine, and propranolol.
    ├─ used  src/url:11633aec886c53c1  Bromazepam — Wikidoc
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.4140/TCP.n.2013.538
    ├─ used  src/pmid:9648  Bromazepam versus diazepam in psychoneurotic inpatients.
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112012  First evaluation of the anxiolytic-like effects of a bromazepam-palladium complex in mice.
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1177/0269881110367724  Prodynorphin gene deletion increased anxiety-like behaviours, impaired the anxiolytic effect of bromazepam and altered GABAA receptor subunits.
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.3390/ijms27031430  Benzodiazepine Dependence: Clinical and Molecular Aspects, Preventive Strategies and Therapeutic Approaches.
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/s0887-6177(03)00096-9  Persistence of cognitive effects after withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use: a meta-analysis
    ├─ used  src/pmid:237849  A comparison between bromazepam (Ro 5-3350, Lexotan) and diazepam (Valium) in anxiety neurosis. A controlled, double-blind clinical trial.
    ├─ used  src/url:2526b8ac32790ba2  UK Controlled Drugs List — GOV.UK
    ├─ used  src/url:c04d59679f73ca54  Lexotan (Bromazepam) — TGA Australia (ARTG 52270)
    ├─ used  src/url:4361d6686cc828dc  Lexotan (Bromazepam) — PBS Listing
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1136/bmj.e6231  Benzodiazepine use and risk of dementia: prospective population based study
    ├─ used  src/pmid:11799841  Comparative bioavailability of two oral formulations of bromazepam in healthy volunteers.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:6142717  Bioavailability of bromazepam in man after single administration of an oral solution.
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/0014-2999(78)90085-7  Pharmacological characterization of benzodiazepine receptors in the brain
    ├─ used  src/pmid:6149176  Action of benzodiazepines on spinal dorsal root reflex potentials in cats.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:2273442  Effect of food on the bioavailability of bromazepam following oral administration in healthy volunteers.
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1007/s00228-008-0613-4  The bioavailability of bromazepam, omeprazole and paracetamol given by nasogastric feeding tube.
    ├─ used  src/url:a9f4392ea3676441  Lexotan (Bromazepam) Prescribing Information (Roche Australia)
    ├─ used  src/pmid:9435993  Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and CNS drug interactions. A critical review of the evidence.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:8846617  Overview of the pharmacokinetics of fluvoxamine.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:21189133  Metabolism of benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic-hypnotic drugs.
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.2165/00003088-199121030-00002  Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Anxiolytics and Hypnotics in the Elderly
    ├─ used  src/pmid:6132936  Bromazepam and diazepam in generalized anxiety: a placebo-controlled study with measurement of drug plasma concentrations.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:16175133  SPE-HPLC-MS-MS quantification of bromazepam in human plasma: bioequivalence study.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:6133528  Benzodiazepines: a summary of pharmacokinetic properties.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:1969172  Bromazepam in generalized anxiety. Randomized, multi-practice comparisons with both chlorprothixene and placebo.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:1983433  Controlled comparison of two anxiolytic benzodiazepines, cloxazolam and bromazepam.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:2572494  Etizolam in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a controlled clinical trial
    ├─ used  src/pmid:12607230  A review of 19 double-blind placebo-controlled studies in social anxiety disorder.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:8826510  Comparison of tenoxicam and bromazepam in the treatment of fibromyalgia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:16243418  Double-blind, comparative study of cyamemazine vs. bromazepam in the benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:9527752  Preoperative anxiolysis with minimal sedation in elderly patients: bromazepam or clorazepate?
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1055/s-0031-1286287  AGNP Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Psychiatry: Update 2011.
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1055/s-0043-116492  Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.3390/neurolint13040059  Prescription of Controlled Substances: Benefits and Risks
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1097/FTD.0000000000001150
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1111/1556-4029.14809  Planned complex suicide involving combined drug intoxication and femoral catheterization.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:15919169  Methcathinone: a new postindustrial drug.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:20040343  Protracted deep coma after bromazepam poisoning.
    ├─ used  src/pmid:7988100  Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluvoxamine.
    ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102482  Autopsy case of intoxication with multiple psychotropic drugs.
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      ├─ used  claim/e62acc6a-4942-4d76-90f2-76578e4845fc  Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/b588e6e3-da11-401e-9602-c64ff9111e04  Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/83f2b84c-989a-45cb-b5fc-ec47a9d0b4f9  Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/5d9df5fd-2a6d-41ac-85e4-e95d5c63bf0f  Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/aa34b75c-8e6c-428e-8269-cded319fdb08  Claim in clinical-evidence — supported
      ├─ used  claim/112f6eb4-a5c1-45d2-bfde-7e201f076239  Claim in comparative-pharmacology — supported
      ├─ used  claim/2578a1ca-8855-4f31-acc8-237443f47f66  Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/19cad77f-d724-4199-a719-57fdff62d9a7  Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/6ae2a5da-38ec-4d29-a1b0-ab206c291084  Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/b49b4a73-2460-4493-970e-ef5d0e84eb34  Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/60bf7c45-bc01-4f6f-ac6a-589bed98a2c6  Claim in safety — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/368494ca-c25c-44bd-ba15-901e3f42b053  Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusive  working
      ├─ used  claim/49752680-d176-4b1c-a784-afef1ddb1a07  Claim in safety — inconclusive  working
      └─ used  claim/2f0a49b2-92a6-4e97-bc45-6a880cb22f72  Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusive  working
… closure truncated at 200 nodes

indented by distance from this node, not by parentage

1Provenance card

the boundary, as counts

Sources

4416 with DOI

12 strong · 22 moderate · 10 weak

Compilations

12026-05-09T12:15:47.089Z

pipeline-v5 · prompt hash not recorded — run predates 2026-09

Decisions

34last ruled 2026-06-04

1 awaiting a ruling

Issued documents

42026-10-19T20:30:50.429Z

notice · info card · emergency

Searches

191 with no results

queries and counts on the build

Claims checked

17410 supported

10 supported · 164 not

Correspondence

0received

consent field ships in Phase 4

Edges

501

derivations recorded for this entity

Complete over 44 sources, 1 compilation, and 34 decisions.Not here: the private journal (never); 1 proposal awaiting a ruling (listed as pending only).Working material — drafts, discards, unsupported claims — is listed below and readable on the working page.Cite: psychedex.org/substances/bromazepam/archive

2Build

one panel per compilation run

generation run 2026-05-09

60 min completedmodel pipeline-v5plan not recordedrun/21eadb04…

Selection

results seen109

selected by the model46

consumed as sources44

Verification

claims checked174

supported8

partially supported2

not supported3

inconclusive161

record
seen / partial
working

The model's own caveats

taper_confidence_medium
structural_inference
safety_critical

Reproduce

inputs: 44 source keys (listed under Sources)
plan: not recorded — template version, prompt hash and git SHA are written from 2026-09 onward
model: pipeline-v5
streams: none — agent transcripts are persisted from 2026-09 onward

19 searches — query, source, results, what was kept and why

19 searches for this run
#	source	query	seen	kept	rationale
1	PubChem	bromazepam	1	1	Core chemical identity verification
2	PubMed	bromazepam pharmacology mechanism GABA receptor	6	4	Directly relevant to pharmacology and GABA-A mechanism
3	ClinicalTrials.gov	bromazepam anxiety	4	0	No trials specifically on bromazepam found; broader benzodiazepine context only
4	PubMed	bromazepam overdose toxicity adverse effects case report	7	5	Overdose and toxicity case reports for safety section
5	PubMed	bromazepam clinical trial anxiety treatment efficacy	10	6	Clinical trial data and therapeutic efficacy studies for bromazepam
6	PubMed	bromazepam pharmacokinetics bioavailability metabolism human	10	8	Core pharmacokinetic data for bromazepam
7	OpenAlex	bromazepam benzodiazepine	10	5	Landmark benzodiazepine papers relevant to bromazepam context
8	OpenAlex	bromazepam pharmacokinetics half-life	8	3	Relevant landmark papers on BZD pharmacokinetics
9	WebSearch	bromazepam pharmacokinetics half-life protein binding volume distribution	10	2	Supplementary PK data; will defer to published PMID 2882883 for definitive values
10	PubMed	bromazepam elderly hepatic impairment pharmacokinetics clearance	1	1	Core human PK study already selected
11	PubMed (PMID 2882883)	Bromazepam pharmacokinetics: influence of age, gender, oral contraceptives, cimetidine, and propranolol	1	1	Primary source for bromazepam PK parameters
12	WebSearch	bromazepam history discovery Roche synthesis 1960s development	10	1	Historical context for discovery narrative
13	PubMed · absence	bromazepam half-life plasma protein binding	0	0	Redirected to web search
14	WebSearch/GOV.UK	bromazepam UK schedule misuse act Canada controlled drug classification	10	1	Legal status data for UK and international scheduling
15	PubMed (PMID 24007886)	History of benzodiazepines	1	1	Historical context for BZD class including bromazepam
16	PubMed	benzodiazepine dependence abuse chronic long-term effects	3	1	Tolerance mechanism (GABA-A downregulation + glutamatergic sensitization) and management strategies
17	PubMed	bromazepam generalized anxiety disorder Hamilton anxiety scale	4	3	Core clinical efficacy data for generalized anxiety
18	WebSearch/TGA Australia	bromazepam Lexotan Australia Schedule 4 TGA	10	2	Australian legal classification confirmed
19	Multiple	bromazepam half-life discrepancy across sources	3	1	Flagging PK half-life discrepancy for generation agent

174 claims by section — every cited sentence, checked against its source

safety48 · 4 ok

Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
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Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Femoral blood levels of 2,500 µg/L were found in a fatal multidrug overdose (polypharmacy: tramadol, propranolol, zopiclone, citalopram)partially supported
Zopiclone detected at 1,200 mcg/L in femoral blood at toxic concentrations alongside tramadol, propranolol, bromazepam, and citalopram. ftd.0000000000001150
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — not_supportednot supportedworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Repeated benzodiazepine use produces tolerance via two complementary mechanisms: (1) downregulation and uncoupling of GABA-A receptor subunits, particularly α1 and γ₂, reducing allosteric potentiation efficacy; (2) compensatory upregulation and sensitization of excitatory glutamatergic (nmda-receptor) systems, shifting the excitatory-inhibitory balance. Cross-tolerance exists between all benzodiazepines and between benzodiazepines and alcohol (class-level evidence).supported
BZDs act as positive allosteric modulators of GABA-A; prolonged use causes tolerance via GABA-A subunit downregulation and compensatory glutamatergic sensitization; management requires gradual tapering with long-acting BZD ijms27031430
Claim in safety — not_supportednot supportedworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Clinical management requires gradual tapering, typically 10–25% dose reduction per 1–2 weeks, sometimes with substitution to a longer-acting benzodiazepine.supported
management requires gradual tapering with long-acting BZD ijms27031430
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Fatal combined overdose cases involving tramadol and bromazepam have been documented.supported
Fatal multidrug overdose case. Zopiclone detected at 1,200 mcg/L in femoral blood at toxic concentrations alongside tramadol, propranolol, bromazepam, and citalopram. ftd.0000000000001150
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

pharmacology36 · 0 ok

Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
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Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
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Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

clinical-evidence19 · 1 ok

Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Bertolino et al. (1989) compared bromazepam 3 mg to etizolam and alprazolam in a 45-patient GAD trial; all three compounds showed equivalent anxiolytic efficacy, though etizolam demonstrated greater antidepressant effect.supported
45 patients, double-blind comparison of etizolam 0.5mg, alprazolam 0.5mg, and bromazepam 3mg twice daily. Equivalent anxiolytic activity; etizolam showed progressive increase in effect over 4 weeks and more antidepressant activity. pmid:2572494
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

pharmacokinetic-detail17 · 0 ok

Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

summary14 · 2 ok

Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Hoffmann-La Roche under the code Ro 5-3350 as part of the systematic benzodiazepine program that followed Leo Sternbach's discovery of chlordiazepoxide in 1955, bromazepam entered clinical use circa 1974partially supported
In 1955, Hoffmann-La Roche chemist Leo Sternbach serendipitously identified the first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide. tcp.n.2013.538
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Acute lethality of bromazepam alone is low — a class feature of benzodiazepines — but fatalities occur reliably in polydrug contexts involving alcohol, opioids, or other CNS depressants. Physical dependence develops with repeated use via GABA-A receptor subunit downregulation and compensatory glutamatergic sensitization; abrupt cessation after chronic use risks seizures and status epilepticussupported
prolonged use causes tolerance via GABA-A subunit downregulation and compensatory glutamatergic sensitization; management requires gradual tapering with long-acting BZD ijms27031430
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

comparative-pharmacology12 · 1 ok

Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Etizolam demonstrated superior antidepressant effect, while anxiolytic potencies were indistinguishable among the three compounds.supported
Equivalent anxiolytic activity; etizolam showed progressive increase in effect over 4 weeks and more antidepressant activity. pmid:2572494
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

history10 · 1 ok

Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd. that followed Leo Sternbach's serendipitous discovery of chlordiazepoxide in 1955 and the subsequent development of diazepam (Valium) in 1963supported
In 1955, Hoffmann-La Roche chemist Leo Sternbach serendipitously identified the first benzodiazepine, chlordiazepoxide. Valium (diazepam) followed in 1963. tcp.n.2013.538
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

neuroscience10 · 1 ok

Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — not_supportednot supportedworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Chronic benzodiazepine exposure produces maladaptive neuroplasticity: downregulation of α1 and γ₂ GABA-A receptor subunits with compensatory upregulation and sensitization of excitatory glutamatergic (nmda-receptor) systemssupported
prolonged use causes tolerance via GABA-A subunit downregulation and compensatory glutamatergic sensitization ijms27031430

chemistry4 · 0 ok

Claim in chemistry — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in chemistry — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in chemistry — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in chemistry — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

receptor-pharmacology4 · 0 ok

Claim in receptor-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in receptor-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in receptor-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in receptor-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

3Sources

44 consumed · sorted by year · feeds = sections resting on it

Sources 1 to 30
year	source	tier	status	feeds
2026	Benzodiazepine Dependence: Clinical and Molecular Aspects, Preventive Strategies and Therapeutic Approaches.Navarrete F, Marín-Mayor M, Martínez-Hostyn L, Rubio G, Manzanares J · International journal of molecular sciencesdoi:10.3390/ijms27031430	moderate	consumed	4 sections
2026	Prescription of Controlled Substances: Benefits and RisksPreuss CV, Kalava A, King KC, et al. · Neurology internationaldoi:10.3390/neurolint13040059	moderate	consumed	2 sections
2024	Autopsy case of intoxication with multiple psychotropic drugs.Takei S et al. · Legal Medicinedoi:10.1016/j.legalmed.2024.102482	weak	consumed	1 section
2024	Bromazepam — Wikidocurl:11633aec886c53c1	weak	consumed	cited only
2024	Lexotan (Bromazepam) — PBS Listingurl:4361d6686cc828dc	weak	consumed	cited only
2024	Lexotan (Bromazepam) — TGA Australia (ARTG 52270)url:c04d59679f73ca54	weak	consumed	cited only
2024	Pharmacobezoar-Related Fatalities: A Case Report and Review.Drevin G et al. · Therapeutic Drug Monitoringdoi:10.1097/ftd.0000000000001150	weak	consumed	cited only
2024	UK Controlled Drugs List — GOV.UKurl:2526b8ac32790ba2	weak	consumed	cited only
2022	First evaluation of the anxiolytic-like effects of a bromazepam-palladium complex in mice.Vieira MPS et al. · Journal of Inorganic Biochemistrydoi:10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.112012	moderate	consumed	4 sections
2021	Planned complex suicide involving combined drug intoxication and femoral catheterization.Pélissier-Alicot AL et al. · Journal of Forensic Sciencesdoi:10.1111/1556-4029.14809	weak	consumed	1 section
2019	Involvement of the GABAA receptor alpha subunit in the mode of action of etifoxine.Mattei C et al. · Pharmacological Researchdoi:10.1016/j.phrs.2019.04.034	moderate	consumed	1 section
2017	Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Neuropsychopharmacology: Update 2017Hiemke C, Bergemann N, Clement HW, et al. · Pharmacopsychiatrydoi:10.1055/s-0043-116492	moderate	consumed	cited only
2013	The history of benzodiazepinesWick JY · The Consultant Pharmacistdoi:10.4140/tcp.n.2013.538	moderate	consumed	cited only
2012	Benzodiazepine use and risk of dementia: prospective population based studyBillioti de Gage S et al. · BMJdoi:10.1136/bmj.e6231	moderate	consumed	2 sections
2012	Lexotan (Bromazepam) Prescribing Information (Roche Australia)url:a9f4392ea3676441	weak	consumed	cited only
2011	AGNP Consensus Guidelines for Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Psychiatry: Update 2011.Hiemke C, Baumann P, Bergemann N, et al. · Pharmacopsychiatrydoi:10.1055/s-0031-1286287	strong	consumed	1 section
2011	Prodynorphin gene deletion increased anxiety-like behaviours, impaired the anxiolytic effect of bromazepam and altered GABAA receptor subunits.Femenía T et al. · Journal of Psychopharmacologydoi:10.1177/0269881110367724	moderate	consumed	3 sections
2010	Metabolism of benzodiazepine and non-benzodiazepine anxiolytic-hypnotic drugs.Mandrioli R, Mercolini L, Raggi MA · Current Drug Metabolismpmid:21189133	moderate	consumed	1 section
2010	Protracted deep coma after bromazepam poisoning.Lakhal K et al. · International Journal of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeuticspmid:20040343	weak	consumed	1 section
2009	The bioavailability of bromazepam, omeprazole and paracetamol given by nasogastric feeding tube.Podilsky G et al. · European Journal of Clinical Pharmacologydoi:10.1007/s00228-008-0613-4	moderate	consumed	2 sections
2006	Double-blind, comparative study of cyamemazine vs. bromazepam in the benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome.Lemoine P et al. · Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatrypmid:16243418	strong	consumed	2 sections
2005	Methcathinone: a new postindustrial drug.Belhadj-Tahar H, Sadeg N · Forensic Science Internationalpmid:15919169	weak	consumed	1 section
2005	SPE-HPLC-MS-MS quantification of bromazepam in human plasma: bioequivalence study.Gonçalves JC et al. · Therapeutic Drug Monitoringpmid:16175133	moderate	consumed	1 section
2003	Persistence of cognitive effects after withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine use: a meta-analysisBarker M · Archives of Clinical Neuropsychologydoi:10.1016/s0887-6177(03)00096-9	strong	consumed	3 sections
2001	Comparative bioavailability of two oral formulations of bromazepam in healthy volunteers.Lerner FE et al. · Arzneimittel-Forschungpmid:11799841	moderate	consumed	1 section
2000	A review of 19 double-blind placebo-controlled studies in social anxiety disorder.Versiani M · World Journal of Biological Psychiatrypmid:12607230	strong	consumed	1 section
1998	Preoperative anxiolysis with minimal sedation in elderly patients: bromazepam or clorazepate?Erb T et al. · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavicapmid:9527752	strong	consumed	1 section
1997	Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors and CNS drug interactions. A critical review of the evidence.Sproule BA, Naranjo CA, Brenmer KE, Hassan PC · Clinical Pharmacokineticspmid:9435993	moderate	consumed	3 sections
1996	Comparison of tenoxicam and bromazepam in the treatment of fibromyalgia: randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.Quijada-Carrera J et al. · Painpmid:8826510	strong	consumed	1 section
1995	Overview of the pharmacokinetics of fluvoxamine.van Harten J · Clinical Pharmacokineticspmid:8846617	moderate	consumed	3 sections

Show all 45 sources — 15 more

Sources 31 to 45
year	source	tier	status	feeds
1994	Clinical pharmacokinetics of fluvoxamine.Perucca E, Gatti G, Spina E · Clinical Pharmacokineticspmid:7988100	moderate	consumed	1 section
1991	Clinical Pharmacokinetics of Anxiolytics and Hypnotics in the ElderlyGreenblatt DJ, Harmatz JS, Shader RI · Clinical Pharmacokineticsdoi:10.2165/00003088-199121030-00002	moderate	consumed	1 section
1991	Controlled comparison of two anxiolytic benzodiazepines, cloxazolam and bromazepam.Ansseau M, von Frenckell R · Neuropsychobiologypmid:1983433	strong	consumed	2 sections
1990	Bromazepam in generalized anxiety. Randomized, multi-practice comparisons with both chlorprothixene and placebo.Kragh-Sørensen P, Holm P, Fynboe C, et al. · Psychopharmacologypmid:1969172	strong	consumed	1 section
1990	Effect of food on the bioavailability of bromazepam following oral administration in healthy volunteers.Fujii J, Inotsume N, Nakano M · Journal of Pharmacobio-Dynamicspmid:2273442	moderate	consumed	2 sections
1989	Etizolam in the treatment of generalized anxiety disorder: a controlled clinical trialBertolino A, Mastucci E, Porro V, et al. · The Journal of International Medical Researchpmid:2572494	strong	consumed	2 sections
1987	Bromazepam pharmacokinetics: influence of age, gender, oral contraceptives, cimetidine, and propranolol.Ochs HR, Greenblatt DJ, Friedman H, et al. · Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeuticspmid:2882883	moderate	consumed	5 sections
1984	Action of benzodiazepines on spinal dorsal root reflex potentials in cats.Suzuki T · Nihon Yakurigaku Zasshipmid:6149176	moderate	consumed	2 sections
1984	Bioavailability of bromazepam in man after single administration of an oral solution.Ascalone V et al. · Arzneimittel-Forschungpmid:6142717	moderate	consumed	2 sections
1983	Bromazepam and diazepam in generalized anxiety: a placebo-controlled study with measurement of drug plasma concentrations.Fontaine R, Annable L, Chouinard G, Ogilvie RI · Journal of Clinical Psychopharmacologypmid:6132936	strong	consumed	3 sections
1981	Benzodiazepines: a summary of pharmacokinetic properties.Greenblatt DJ, Shader RI, Divoll M, Harmatz JS · British Journal of Clinical Pharmacologypmid:6133528	moderate	consumed	cited only
1978	Pharmacological characterization of benzodiazepine receptors in the brainBraestrup C, Squires RF · European Journal of Pharmacologydoi:10.1016/0014-2999(78)90085-7	moderate	consumed	2 sections
1975	A comparison between bromazepam (Ro 5-3350, Lexotan) and diazepam (Valium) in anxiety neurosis. A controlled, double-blind clinical trial.Sonne LM, Holm P · International Pharmacopsychiatrypmid:237849	strong	consumed	4 sections
1975	Bromazepam versus diazepam in psychoneurotic inpatients.Cassano GB, Carrara S, Castrogiovanni P · Pharmakopsychiatrie Neuro-Psychopharmakologiepmid:9648	strong	consumed	6 sections
—	Searched PubMed for "bromazepam half-life plasma protein binding" — no resultsabsence		no results	—

4Docket

one filing per activity — decisions, correspondence, reports

awaiting ruling — 1

dependence · taper2026-07-03

0012026-05-09revisionRevision 1
Initial LLM generation (v5 pipeline, wiki, prose phase)
psx:substance/bromazepam/version/1
0022026-06-04proposal30 value proposals approved together
one review action inferred from a shared reviewer and instant — the graph records one activity per proposal
30 items in this filing
- contraindication · respiratory
- contraindication · neurological
- contraindication · other
- contraindication · pregnancy_breastfeeding
- contraindication · hepatic
- contraindication · psychiatric
- contraindication · age
- contraindication · other
- toxicity
- dependence · full
- withdrawal
- tolerance
- dose_tier · threshold
- dose_tier · light
- dose_tier · common
- dose_tier · strong
- dose_tier · heavy
- timeline · oral · onset
- timeline · oral · come_up
- timeline · oral · peak
- timeline · oral · resolution
- timeline · oral · afterglow
- dosage · oral
- duration · oral · onset
- duration · oral · come_up
- duration · oral · peak
- duration · oral · offset
- duration · oral · total
- duration · oral · aftereffects
psx:substance/bromazepam/proposal/contraindication/61097ed2-901d-4e86-b3e5-536e78d70df7
0032026-06-04publicationPublication — backfill
psx:substance/bromazepam/pub/f26f0606-018d-4e3c-b65c-4fc7b2b3c31a
0042026-08-19revisionr1.a1
no edit summary recorded
psx:substance/bromazepam/version/2

5Issued documents

what the notice, info card and emergency page said, by hash

Issued documents
document	content hash	issued	from version	superseded
info_card	05053d8d0c799eaffb0d2ae3…	2026-10-19 20:30	Revision 1	current
emergency	dcd2ca271fbe095dc7fb6211…	2026-09-04 04:28	Revision 1	current
info_card	3afc0e5c32d31dc809b7c0b1…	2026-09-04 04:28	Revision 1	superseded2026-10-19
notice	18b1566e5459566c82ed48fa…	2026-09-04 04:28	Revision 1	current

Bromazepam

6Node page

derived from · upstream

feeds · downstream

1Provenance card

2Build

generation run 2026-05-09

research→

draft→

audit→

verify→

simplify→

publish

Selection

Verification

The model's own caveats

Reproduce

3Sources

4Docket

awaiting ruling — 1

5Issued documents

research

draft

audit

verify

simplify