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Sources
22
5 strong · 12 moderate · 5 weak

Studies and references cited across this article, graded by evidence strength.

Values approved
128/130 (98%)

Data points an editor reviewed and accepted for publication.

01

Value Provenance

Dosing

oraltrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Threshold15 mg15 mglow
Low20–35 mg20–35 mglow
Common35–70 mg35–70 mglow
Strong70–90 mg70–90 mglow
Heavy90+ mg90+ mglow
Editorial

Values from existing DB / community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical dosing data exist for 3-FEA. Ranges align with mass-dose expectations for fluoroamphetamine/entactogen class (comparable to MDMA 75-125mg, 4-FA 75-150mg).

Reasoning

Values from existing DB / community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical dosing data exist for 3-FEA. Ranges align with mass-dose expectations for fluoroamphetamine/entactogen class (comparable to MDMA 75-125mg, 4-FA 75-150mg).

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

insufflatedtrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Threshold15 mg15 mglow
Low20–35 mg20–35 mglow
Common35–60 mg35–60 mglow
Strong60–80 mg60–80 mglow
Heavy80+ mg80+ mglow
Editorial

Base values from existing DB / community consensus (PsychonautWiki). FLAG: Original source lists strong as 50-60mg which overlaps entirely with common (35-60mg) — this is a data quality error. Adjusted strong range to 60-80mg and heavy to 80+ to create meaningful tier separation. Editorial review strongly recommended.

Reasoning

Base values from existing DB / community consensus (PsychonautWiki). FLAG: Original source lists strong as 50-60mg which overlaps entirely with common (35-60mg) — this is a data quality error. Adjusted strong range to 60-80mg and heavy to 80+ to create meaningful tier separation. Editorial review strongly recommended.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Duration

oral

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Onsettrace20–60 minutes20–60 minuteslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical PK data for 3-FEA. Consistent with 4-FA Tmax ~2h (Toennes 2019).

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical PK data for 3-FEA. Consistent with 4-FA Tmax ~2h (Toennes 2019).

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Come uptrace30–60 minutes30–60 minuteslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical data.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Peaktrace1.5–2.5 hours1.5–2.5 hourslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical data.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Totaltrace4–6 hours4–6 hourslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Represents subjective experience duration onset through offset, not including aftereffects.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Represents subjective experience duration onset through offset, not including aftereffects.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

After effectstrace6–12 hours6–12 hourslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Insomnia and residual stimulation prominent. Consistent with expected 8-9h plasma half-life from 4-FA analogy (Toennes 2019).

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Insomnia and residual stimulation prominent. Consistent with expected 8-9h plasma half-life from 4-FA analogy (Toennes 2019).

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Offsettrace2–3 hours2–3 hourslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical data.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

insufflated

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Totaltrace1–2 hours1–2 hourslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Short subjective duration onset through offset.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Short subjective duration onset through offset.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Onsettrace5–15 minutes5–15 minuteslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Rapid absorption via nasal mucosa. No clinical data.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Rapid absorption via nasal mucosa. No clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Come uptrace5–10 minutes5–10 minuteslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Fast escalation characteristic of insufflated stimulants.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Fast escalation characteristic of insufflated stimulants.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Peaktrace30–60 minutes30–60 minuteslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Substantially shorter than oral peak.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Substantially shorter than oral peak.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Offsettrace30–60 minutes30–60 minuteslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Rapid decline drives compulsive redosing urge.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Rapid decline drives compulsive redosing urge.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

After effectstrace1–3 hours1–3 hourslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Shorter aftereffects than oral but nasal congestion and mild comedown persist.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Shorter aftereffects than oral but nasal congestion and mild comedown persist.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Safety

Toxicity Profiletrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Acutemoderatemoderatelow
Chronicmoderatemoderatelow
Organs Affectedcardiovascular, neurological, thermoregulatorycardiovascular, neurological, thermoregulatorylow
Editorial

All human toxicity claims class-extrapolated from 4-FA (reference compound). Evidence discount applied: raw findings suggest high acute CV toxicity from 4-FA data, downgraded one level to moderate for 3-FEA due to (1) no direct 3-FEA human data and (2) greater serotonin selectivity may theoretically reduce catecholamine burden. Confidence low per discount rule.

Reasoning

All human toxicity claims class-extrapolated from 4-FA (reference compound). Evidence discount applied: raw findings suggest high acute CV toxicity from 4-FA data, downgraded one level to moderate for 3-FEA due to (1) no direct 3-FEA human data and (2) greater serotonin selectivity may theoretically reduce catecholamine burden. Confidence low per discount rule.

Evidence basis: structural_analogy

Dependence Profiletrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Physicalmoderatemoderatemedium
Psychologicalmoderatemoderatemedium
Compulsive Redosingmoderatemoderatemedium
Dose Escalationmoderatemoderatemedium
Editorial

Physical dependence directly demonstrated by Jo et al. 2024 in mice (withdrawal hyperactivity, depression-like behavior, somatic signs). Psychological dependence and compulsive redosing inferred from class pharmacology (Rothman 2001 DAT/SERT model) and community consensus. Moderate rather than high ratings reflect serotonin-dominant profile attenuating pure dopaminergic reinforcement.

Reasoning

Physical dependence directly demonstrated by Jo et al. 2024 in mice (withdrawal hyperactivity, depression-like behavior, somatic signs). Psychological dependence and compulsive redosing inferred from class pharmacology (Rothman 2001 DAT/SERT model) and community consensus. Moderate rather than high ratings reflect serotonin-dominant profile attenuating pure dopaminergic reinforcement.

Evidence basis: animal_study

Withdrawal Profiletrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Severitymoderatemoderatemedium
Symptomshyperactivity, depression-like behavior, somatic withdrawal signs, anxiety-like behavior, insomnia, fatigue, anhedoniahyperactivity, depression-like behavior, somatic withdrawal signs, anxiety-like behavior, insomnia, fatigue, anhedoniamedium
FatalNoNomedium
Medical SupervisionNot requiredNot requiredmedium
Editorial

Jo et al. 2024 assessed withdrawal at 16h and 40h post-cessation in mice, finding persistent withdrawal signs at both timepoints. Somatic withdrawal, hyperactivity (open field + EPM), and depression-like behavior (FST) documented. Human withdrawal duration unknown; 3-day total estimated from amphetamine class analogy. Not life-threatening by class.

Reasoning

Jo et al. 2024 assessed withdrawal at 16h and 40h post-cessation in mice, finding persistent withdrawal signs at both timepoints. Somatic withdrawal, hyperactivity (open field + EPM), and depression-like behavior (FST) documented. Human withdrawal duration unknown; 3-day total estimated from amphetamine class analogy. Not life-threatening by class.

Evidence basis: animal_study

Tolerance Profiletrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Buildupmoderatemoderatelow
Half-life2.5 days2.5 dayslow
Full Reset5 days5 dayslow
Cross-tolerancesamphetamine, MDMA, cathinones, 4-FA, 3-FA, serotonergic compoundsamphetamine, MDMA, cathinones, 4-FA, 3-FA, serotonergic compoundslow
Editorial

Values from existing DB / community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No published tolerance kinetics study exists for 3-FEA. Cross-tolerance list expanded from work-notes to include specific compounds with shared mechanism. Mechanism is class-level established pharmacology for MRAs.

Reasoning

Values from existing DB / community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No published tolerance kinetics study exists for 3-FEA. Cross-tolerance list expanded from work-notes to include specific compounds with shared mechanism. Mechanism is class-level established pharmacology for MRAs.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Effects & Profile

Contraindications

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
other MAOI therapytraceabsoluteabsolutehigh
Editorial

Well-established class-level lethal interaction for all amphetamine-type MRAs. Luethi & Liechti 2020 review confirms. No 3-FEA-specific case data but mechanism is absolute.

Reasoning

Well-established class-level lethal interaction for all amphetamine-type MRAs. Luethi & Liechti 2020 review confirms. No 3-FEA-specific case data but mechanism is absolute.

pregnancy breastfeeding Pregnancytracerelativerelativelow
Editorial

Class-level contraindication for all amphetamine-type stimulants. No substance-specific data. Confidence low due to complete absence of 3-FEA reproductive studies.

Reasoning

Class-level contraindication for all amphetamine-type stimulants. No substance-specific data. Confidence low due to complete absence of 3-FEA reproductive studies.

psychiatric History of psychosis or maniatracerelativerelativemedium
Editorial

Well-established class-level risk for all amphetamine-type stimulants. No 3-FEA-specific data but mechanism is pharmacologically certain.

Reasoning

Well-established class-level risk for all amphetamine-type stimulants. No 3-FEA-specific data but mechanism is pharmacologically certain.

other Tramadoltraceabsoluteabsolutehigh
Editorial

Pharmacologically well-supported per Reeves & Burke 2008 and Pergolizzi et al. 2022. Seed data classifies this as lethal. Mechanism confirmed.

Reasoning

Pharmacologically well-supported per Reeves & Burke 2008 and Pergolizzi et al. 2022. Seed data classifies this as lethal. Mechanism confirmed.

cardiovascular Cardiovascular diseasetraceabsoluteabsolutemedium
Editorial

Structural analogy with 4-FA (Gresnigt 2022) and confirmed pharmacological mechanism of NE/DA release. Classified absolute due to severity of documented 4-FA outcomes.

Reasoning

Structural analogy with 4-FA (Gresnigt 2022) and confirmed pharmacological mechanism of NE/DA release. Classified absolute due to severity of documented 4-FA outcomes.

other Concurrent serotonergic medicationstracerelativerelativemedium
Editorial

Class-level pharmacological interaction for all serotonin-releasing agents. Well-established in MDMA literature. No 3-FEA-specific case data.

Reasoning

Class-level pharmacological interaction for all serotonin-releasing agents. Well-established in MDMA literature. No 3-FEA-specific case data.

neurological Seizure disorderstracerelativerelativemedium
Editorial

Class-level risk for amphetamine-type stimulants. No 3-FEA-specific seizure reports but pharmacological mechanism is established.

Reasoning

Class-level risk for amphetamine-type stimulants. No 3-FEA-specific seizure reports but pharmacological mechanism is established.

hepatic Hepatic impairmenttracerelativerelativelow
Editorial

Inferred from amphetamine-class CYP2D6/3A4 metabolism. No 3-FEA-specific PK data confirm hepatic dependence. Low confidence due to entirely inferential basis.

Reasoning

Inferred from amphetamine-class CYP2D6/3A4 metabolism. No 3-FEA-specific PK data confirm hepatic dependence. Low confidence due to entirely inferential basis.

Timeline Phases

oral

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Onsettrace1200–3600 sec(i=0.15)1200–3600 sec(i=0.15)low
Editorial

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 20-60min, come_up 30-60min, peak 1.5-2.5h, offset 2-3h, aftereffects 6-12h. Phase descriptions from work-notes and article prose. No clinical PK data exist for 3-FEA. Intensity weights from work-notes.

Reasoning

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 20-60min, come_up 30-60min, peak 1.5-2.5h, offset 2-3h, aftereffects 6-12h. Phase descriptions from work-notes and article prose. No clinical PK data exist for 3-FEA. Intensity weights from work-notes.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Come uptrace1800–3600 sec(i=0.50)1800–3600 sec(i=0.50)low
Editorial

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 20-60min, come_up 30-60min, peak 1.5-2.5h, offset 2-3h, aftereffects 6-12h. Phase descriptions from work-notes and article prose. No clinical PK data exist for 3-FEA. Intensity weights from work-notes.

Reasoning

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 20-60min, come_up 30-60min, peak 1.5-2.5h, offset 2-3h, aftereffects 6-12h. Phase descriptions from work-notes and article prose. No clinical PK data exist for 3-FEA. Intensity weights from work-notes.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Peaktrace5400–9000 sec(i=1.00)5400–9000 sec(i=1.00)low
Editorial

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 20-60min, come_up 30-60min, peak 1.5-2.5h, offset 2-3h, aftereffects 6-12h. Phase descriptions from work-notes and article prose. No clinical PK data exist for 3-FEA. Intensity weights from work-notes.

Reasoning

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 20-60min, come_up 30-60min, peak 1.5-2.5h, offset 2-3h, aftereffects 6-12h. Phase descriptions from work-notes and article prose. No clinical PK data exist for 3-FEA. Intensity weights from work-notes.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Resolutiontrace7200–10800 sec(i=0.40)7200–10800 sec(i=0.40)low
Editorial

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 20-60min, come_up 30-60min, peak 1.5-2.5h, offset 2-3h, aftereffects 6-12h. Phase descriptions from work-notes and article prose. No clinical PK data exist for 3-FEA. Intensity weights from work-notes.

Reasoning

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 20-60min, come_up 30-60min, peak 1.5-2.5h, offset 2-3h, aftereffects 6-12h. Phase descriptions from work-notes and article prose. No clinical PK data exist for 3-FEA. Intensity weights from work-notes.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Afterglowtrace21600–43200 sec(i=0.10)21600–43200 sec(i=0.10)low
Editorial

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 20-60min, come_up 30-60min, peak 1.5-2.5h, offset 2-3h, aftereffects 6-12h. Phase descriptions from work-notes and article prose. No clinical PK data exist for 3-FEA. Intensity weights from work-notes.

Reasoning

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 20-60min, come_up 30-60min, peak 1.5-2.5h, offset 2-3h, aftereffects 6-12h. Phase descriptions from work-notes and article prose. No clinical PK data exist for 3-FEA. Intensity weights from work-notes.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

insufflated

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Onsettrace300–900 sec(i=0.30)300–900 sec(i=0.30)low
Editorial

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 5-15min, come_up 5-10min, peak 30-60min, offset 30-60min, aftereffects 1-3h, total 1-2h. Work-notes describe insufflated as more stimulant-forward with higher redosing urge. No clinical data.

Reasoning

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 5-15min, come_up 5-10min, peak 30-60min, offset 30-60min, aftereffects 1-3h, total 1-2h. Work-notes describe insufflated as more stimulant-forward with higher redosing urge. No clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Come uptrace300–600 sec(i=0.70)300–600 sec(i=0.70)low
Editorial

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 5-15min, come_up 5-10min, peak 30-60min, offset 30-60min, aftereffects 1-3h, total 1-2h. Work-notes describe insufflated as more stimulant-forward with higher redosing urge. No clinical data.

Reasoning

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 5-15min, come_up 5-10min, peak 30-60min, offset 30-60min, aftereffects 1-3h, total 1-2h. Work-notes describe insufflated as more stimulant-forward with higher redosing urge. No clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Peaktrace1800–3600 sec(i=1.00)1800–3600 sec(i=1.00)low
Editorial

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 5-15min, come_up 5-10min, peak 30-60min, offset 30-60min, aftereffects 1-3h, total 1-2h. Work-notes describe insufflated as more stimulant-forward with higher redosing urge. No clinical data.

Reasoning

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 5-15min, come_up 5-10min, peak 30-60min, offset 30-60min, aftereffects 1-3h, total 1-2h. Work-notes describe insufflated as more stimulant-forward with higher redosing urge. No clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Resolutiontrace1800–3600 sec(i=0.30)1800–3600 sec(i=0.30)low
Editorial

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 5-15min, come_up 5-10min, peak 30-60min, offset 30-60min, aftereffects 1-3h, total 1-2h. Work-notes describe insufflated as more stimulant-forward with higher redosing urge. No clinical data.

Reasoning

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 5-15min, come_up 5-10min, peak 30-60min, offset 30-60min, aftereffects 1-3h, total 1-2h. Work-notes describe insufflated as more stimulant-forward with higher redosing urge. No clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Afterglowtrace3600–10800 sec(i=0.10)3600–10800 sec(i=0.10)low
Editorial

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 5-15min, come_up 5-10min, peak 30-60min, offset 30-60min, aftereffects 1-3h, total 1-2h. Work-notes describe insufflated as more stimulant-forward with higher redosing urge. No clinical data.

Reasoning

Duration values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki): onset 5-15min, come_up 5-10min, peak 30-60min, offset 30-60min, aftereffects 1-3h, total 1-2h. Work-notes describe insufflated as more stimulant-forward with higher redosing urge. No clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Dose Tier Summaries

thresholdtrace
low

Minimal perceptible effects emerge at this level — a subtle increase in alertness, mild mood brightening, and faint peripheral stimulation detectable as a slight heart rate elevation. No significant entactogenic component manifests. Physically, effects are limited to mild sympathetic activation: marginally increased pulse, very slight pupil change, and a whisper of appetite reduction. Most users would not confidently distinguish this from placebo without prior experience with the compound. Functional impairment is negligible. Sleep may be slightly delayed if taken in the evening. Duration of noticeable effects is brief — under 2 hours for most users.

Editorial

Work-notes threshold description expanded. All values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical threshold data exist for 3-FEA.

Reasoning

Work-notes threshold description expanded. All values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No clinical threshold data exist for 3-FEA.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

lighttrace
low

Noticeable stimulation and mood elevation become clearly perceptible. A mild empathogenic warmth begins to emerge — subtle emotional openness and social ease without overwhelming intensity. Music may sound slightly enhanced. Appetite suppression becomes apparent, slight pupil dilation is detectable, and gentle body warmth develops. Heart rate elevation is mild but present. Social enhancement manifests without significant cognitive impairment — conversation flows more easily. Functional capacity remains largely intact though driving is inadvisable. Effects last 3-4 hours orally with mild aftereffects. Sleep disruption is possible if dosed within 6 hours of bedtime.

Editorial

Work-notes light tier outline expanded with substance-specific texture from article prose. Community consensus source (PsychonautWiki). No clinical data.

Reasoning

Work-notes light tier outline expanded with substance-specific texture from article prose. Community consensus source (PsychonautWiki). No clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

commontrace
low

The full dual stimulant-entactogen profile expresses clearly. Emotional enhancement, empathy, and tactile euphoria become prominent. Body warmth radiates outward, music appreciation deepens substantially, and social connection feels effortless and genuine. The paradoxical sedation-over-stimulation character becomes apparent — mental energy coexists with physical relaxation. Moderate sympathetic activation produces noticeable tachycardia and blood pressure elevation. Appetite suppression is pronounced, bruxism may begin, pupil dilation is obvious, and sweating increases. Dry mouth develops. The body high carries a serotonergic warmth distinct from pure stimulant tension. Commitment is 4-6 hours for the primary experience, with 6-12 hours of residual aftereffects including insomnia and mild cognitive fatigue. Insufflated duration is dramatically shorter (1-2 hours total) with a more stimulant-forward character.

Editorial

Work-notes common tier expanded. Core of the 3-FEA experience based on community consensus and MDMA/4-FA structural analogy. PsychonautWiki reports paradoxical sedation.

Reasoning

Work-notes common tier expanded. Core of the 3-FEA experience based on community consensus and MDMA/4-FA structural analogy. PsychonautWiki reports paradoxical sedation.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

strongtrace
low

Intensified entactogenic and stimulant effects dominate the experience. Euphoria, empathy enhancement, and tactile pleasure reach near-maximum expression. Emotional openness can feel overwhelming. Music enhancement becomes immersive. Disinhibition is pronounced. Bruxism and jaw tension become persistent and uncomfortable. Cardiovascular activation is significant — elevated heart rate and blood pressure require attention. Temperature dysregulation risk increases noticeably; sweating is heavy. The comedown becomes markedly more pronounced than at common doses, with depression, irritability, and cognitive fatigue more likely. Recovery period extends substantially. Insomnia of 8+ hours is common. The risk-benefit ratio shifts unfavorably as cardiovascular stress and serotonergic neurotoxicity concerns escalate. Compulsive redosing urge may intensify at this level.

Editorial

Work-notes strong tier expanded. Cardiovascular risk inference from 4-FA data (Gresnigt 2022, de Sousa Fernandes Perna 2018). Community consensus on comedown severity.

Reasoning

Work-notes strong tier expanded. Cardiovascular risk inference from 4-FA data (Gresnigt 2022, de Sousa Fernandes Perna 2018). Community consensus on comedown severity.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

heavytrace
low

Overwhelming stimulation with significant risk of anxiety, paranoia, and panic. The entactogenic warmth may be overridden by sympathomimetic distress. Cognitive impairment replaces enhancement. Thought disorganization and confusion may emerge. Severe cardiovascular stress constitutes the primary acute danger — 4-FA data show 40% rates of serious cardiovascular events at high doses (Takotsubo, MI, cerebral hemorrhage). Hyperthermia risk is markedly elevated. Pronounced bruxism, profuse sweating, and temperature dysregulation are expected. Seizure threshold may be lowered. Significant post-experience dysphoria, depression, and anhedonia are likely, potentially persisting several days. Compulsive redosing urge at this dose level can drive dangerous total exposure. This dose range carries meaningful risk of medical emergency without clear experiential benefit over common-to-strong dosing.

Editorial

Work-notes heavy tier expanded. Cardiovascular risk from 4-FA structural analogy (Gresnigt 2022). Psychological risks from amphetamine class pharmacology. Community reports of severe comedowns.

Reasoning

Work-notes heavy tier expanded. Cardiovascular risk from 4-FA structural analogy (Gresnigt 2022). Psychological risks from amphetamine class pharmacology. Community reports of severe comedowns.

Evidence basis: structural_analogy

02

History

current version
published Oct 2, 2026system—
versions
2 total · since previous: +0 / −0 citations
publication ledger

publish Oct 2, 2026 · by agent-psx

backfill Jun 4, 2026

Historical versions do not record which reviewer approved them; editorial accountability is recorded per value in the database and in the publication ledger going forward.

03

Sources

5 strong · 12 moderate · 5 weak
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    moderate
    Withdrawal from 3-Fluoroethamphetamine induces hyperactivity and depression-like behaviors in male mice
    Jo C, Joo H, Lim NY, Park SJ, Choi SO · 2024 · Journal of Neuroscience Research
  2. [2]
    strong
    Designer drugs: mechanism of action and adverse effects
    Luethi D, Liechti ME · 2020 · Archives of Toxicology
  3. [3]
    moderate
    Identification and characterization of the new psychoactive substance 3-fluoroethamphetamine in seized material
    Yanini Á, Armenta S, Esteve-Turrillas F, Galipienso N, de la Guardia M · 2018 · Forensic Toxicology
  4. [4]
    moderate
    Novel psychoactive substances (designer drugs): overview and pharmacology of modulators of monoamine signaling
    Liechti ME · 2015 · Swiss Medical Weekly
  5. [5]
    weak
    3-FEA
    2024
    linkno claims checked
  6. [6]
    moderate
    4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) intoxication results in exaggerated blood pressure effects compared to MDMA and amphetamine: A retrospective analysis
    Gresnigt FMJ, Snik A, Franssen EJF, Vanhommerig JW, de Lange DW, Riezebos RK · 2022 · Journal of the American College of Emergency Physicians Open
  7. [7]
    moderate
    Acute administration of methylenedioxymethamphetamine: comparison with the neurochemical effects of its N-desmethyl and N-ethyl analogs
    Schmidt CJ · 1987 · European Journal of Pharmacology
    pubmed 2885204no claims checked
  8. [8]
    moderate
    Tramadol: basic pharmacology and emerging concepts
    Reeves RR, Burke RS · 2008 · Drugs of Today
  9. [9]
    weak
    3-Fluoroethamphetamine
    2024
    linkno claims checked
  10. [10]
    weak
    3-Fluoroethamphetamine - NCATS Inxight Drugs
    2024
    linkno claims checked
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    weak
    A simple and isocratic protein-based high performance liquid chromatography method for the enantioseparation of amphetamine derivatives
    2021
    linkno claims checked
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    moderate
    Locomotor and discriminative stimulus effects of fluorinated analogs of amphetamine and methamphetamine in mice and rats
    Anchondo O, Shetty RA, Gatch MB · 2025 · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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    moderate
    Structure-Activity Relationships of Substituted Cathinones, with Transporter Binding, Uptake, and Release
    Eshleman AJ, Wolfrum KM, Reed JF, Kim SO, Swanson T, Johnson RA, Janowsky A · 2017 · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
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    strong
    Pharmacokinetic properties of 4-fluoroamphetamine in serum and oral fluid after oral ingestion
    Toennes SW, Schneider D, Pogoda W, Paulke A, Wunder C, Theunissen EL, Kuypers KPC, de Sousa Fernandes Perna E, Ramaekers JG · 2019 · Drug Testing and Analysis
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    moderate
    Amphetamine-type central nervous system stimulants release norepinephrine more potently than they release dopamine and serotonin
    Rothman RB, Baumann MH, Dersch CM, Romero DV, Rice KC, Carroll FI, Partilla JS · 2001 · Synapse
    pubmed 11071707no claims checked
  16. [16]
    strong
    Neuropharmacology of New Psychoactive Substances (NPS): Focus on the Rewarding and Reinforcing Properties of Cannabimimetics and Amphetamine-Like Stimulants
    Miliano C, Serpelloni G, Rimondo C, Mereu M, Marti M · 2016 · Frontiers in Neuroscience
  17. [17]
    strong
    A First-in-Man Study with 4-Fluoroamphetamine Demonstrates it Produces a Mild Psychedelic State
    Kuypers KPC, De Sousa Fernandes Perna EB, Theunissen EL, Toennes SW, Mason NL, Hutten NRPW, Ramaekers JG · 2019 · Journal of Psychoactive Drugs
  18. [18]
    moderate
    4-Fluoroamphetamine in the Netherlands: more than a one-night stand
    Linsen F, Koning RP, van Laar M, Niesink RJ, Koeter MW, Brunt TM · 2015 · Addiction
  19. [19]
    moderate
    Quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis of the pharmacology of para-substituted methcathinone analogues
    Bonano JS, Banks ML, Kolanos R, Sakloth F, Barnier ML · 2014 · British Journal of Pharmacology
  20. [20]
    strong
    Safety Profile and Neurocognitive Function Following Acute 4-Fluoroamphetamine (4-FA) Administration in Humans
    de Sousa Fernandes Perna EB, Theunissen EL, Dolder PC, Mason NL, Hutten NRPW, Toennes SW, Kuypers KPC, Ramaekers JG · 2018 · Frontiers in Pharmacology
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    moderate
    Multimechanistic Single-Entity Combinations for Chronic Pain Control: A Narrative Review.
    Pergolizzi J, Magnusson P, Coluzzi F, Breve F, LeQuang JAK, Varrassi G · 2022 · Cureus
  22. [22]
    weak
    Schedules of Controlled Substances: Placement of 4-Fluoroamphetamine in Schedule I
    Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) · 2026
    linkno claims checked
04

Claim Verification

No claim verification has run for this version.

05

Coverage & Gaps

effect links
89 links · 87 approved · 35 audited2/89 with evidence basis
interactions
10 approved pairs0/10 graded