3-FA

3-fluoroamphetamine

6Node page

what any key link opens

psx:substance/3-fa/section/legal-status.full@1

sectionreferenced by edges — no row of its own

derived from · upstream

informed_byClaim in legal-status — inconclusivepsx:substance/3-fa/claim/7eb3ad73-53d3-47ae-a7ac-ff78349215c4
informed_byClaim in legal-status — supportedpsx:substance/3-fa/claim/5f99cbb3-1206-4453-b513-f241e89e16dc

feeds · downstream

none recorded

psx:substance/3-fa/section/legal-status.full@1
├─ informed_by  claim/7eb3ad73-53d3-47ae-a7ac-ff78349215c4  Claim in legal-status — inconclusive  working
├─ informed_by  claim/5f99cbb3-1206-4453-b513-f241e89e16dc  Claim in legal-status — supported
  ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.jpet.2025.103617  Locomotor and discriminative stimulus effects of fluorinated analogs of amphetamine and methamphetamine in mice and rats
      ├─ used  src/pmid:15677348  Relationship between the serotonergic activity and reinforcing effects of a series of amphetamine analogs
      ├─ used  src/pmid:17071819  Monoamine releasers with varying selectivity for dopamine/norepinephrine versus serotonin release as candidate agonist medications for cocaine dependence
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1097/FBP.0b013e32834d63ac
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1007/s13346-019-00685-4  The pharmacokinetics of 3-fluoroamphetamine following delivery using clinically relevant routes of administration
      ├─ used  src/url:eddf83281b4df41a  3-Fluoroamphetamine - Wikipedia
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1124/jpet.110.176271  In vivo effects of amphetamine analogs reveal evidence for serotonergic inhibition of mesolimbic dopamine transmission in the rat
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.09.007  Behavioral and neurochemical effects of amphetamine analogs that release monoamines in the squirrel monkey
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.005  Changes in feeding and locomotion induced by amphetamine analogs in rats
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1038/npp.2012.193  Interaction between behavioral and pharmacological treatment strategies to decrease cocaine choice in rhesus monkeys
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.041  Effects of chemical and physical enhancement techniques on transdermal delivery of 3-fluoroamphetamine hydrochloride
      ├─ used  src/url:0df75d69a33df585  Substance Details: 3-Fluoroamphetamine
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.scijus.2016.08.007  Indirect chiral separation of 8 novel amphetamine derivatives as potential new psychoactive compounds by GC-MS and HPLC
      ├─ used  src/pmid:17234900  Rhesus monkey trace amine-associated receptor 1 signaling: enhancement by monoamine transporters and attenuation by the D2 autoreceptor in vitro
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1038/npp.2012.109  Brain-specific overexpression of trace amine-associated receptor 1 alters monoaminergic neurotransmission and decreases sensitivity to amphetamine
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113008  Excretion of 4-fluoroamphetamine and three metabolites in urine after controlled oral ingestion
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.12.012  Monoamine transporter and receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive substances: para-halogenated amphetamines and pyrovalerone cathinones
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1002/dta.2595  Pharmacokinetic properties of 4-fluoroamphetamine in serum and oral fluid after oral ingestion
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1111/add.12932  4-Fluoroamphetamine in the Netherlands: more than a one-night stand
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x  Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuse
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.01.001  Antipsychotics for the treatment of sympathomimetic toxicity: A systematic review
      ├─ used  src/doi:10.1093/jat/bkac059  Fatal Intoxications from a Combination of 4-Fluoroamphetamine and 25C-NBOMe
      ├─ used  src/pmid:4952963  Psychotropic drugs (2). Interaction between monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and other substances
      ├─ derived_from  gen/2bb4bccb-5a00-443c-91c3-d3bc707d007c  Generation — pipeline-v5
      └─ generated_by  pub/fda88b4f-31b2-4d6f-835b-374b56aedc92  Publication — backfill
    ├─ used  version/1  Revision 1
    ├─ used  claim/81fc2bd5-c66e-4785-825f-a1f807231d57  Claim in summary — inconclusive  working
    ├─ used  claim/125262fd-509f-47fd-b937-66772cc4ba2d  Claim in pharmacology — inconclusive  working
    ├─ used  claim/ca7a98a3-5523-4c29-a2a7-3415794ffc33  Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusive  working
    ├─ used  claim/45e4e715-a48d-4ca2-9c1a-00ae5284a9b7  Claim in safety — inconclusive  working
    ├─ used  claim/8f4ec54a-ff01-4eff-9d61-d000b65136d4  Claim in safety — inconclusive  working
    ├─ used  claim/b7c8c0fd-8dbb-43a5-b1e8-6e8573d91b6f  Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusive  working
    ├─ used  claim/fedf41d4-41c4-4186-8327-d59a4b3987d9  Claim in summary — partially_supported
    ├─ used  claim/d5e4e5be-a861-4893-90bf-10c1e5d94037  Claim in pharmacology — supported
    ├─ used  claim/eb3432fd-1042-44e7-85a6-f15646d73aa3  Claim in comparative-pharmacology — supported
    ├─ used  claim/34e1d334-25a3-403d-ba2b-f8892abe211e  Claim in safety — inconclusive  working
    ├─ used  claim/dfa585ba-426f-48f7-9451-e3afd1d8316b  Claim in safety — supported
    ├─ used  claim/302599c3-da47-421b-83c2-448b7b76b255  Claim in comparative-pharmacology — supported
      ├─ derived_from  issue/notice@30f1d1073626  Issued notice
      ├─ derived_from  issue/info_card@ae626d1cc0eb  Issued info_card
      ├─ derived_from  issue/emergency@58d3299a8754  Issued emergency
      ├─ derived_from  issue/info_card@95c3715765a1  Issued info_card
      ├─ informed_by  section/summary.full@1
      ├─ informed_by  section/pharmacology.full@1
      ├─ informed_by  section/comparative-pharmacology.full@1
      └─ informed_by  section/safety.full@1
… closure truncated at 200 nodes

indented by distance from this node, not by parentage

1Provenance card

the boundary, as counts

Sources

2317 with DOI

5 strong · 15 moderate · 3 weak

Compilations

12026-05-07T17:31:36.645Z

pipeline-v5 · prompt hash not recorded — run predates 2026-09

Decisions

30last ruled 2026-06-04

0 awaiting a ruling

Issued documents

42026-10-19T20:29:34.293Z

notice · info card · emergency

Searches

232 with no results

queries and counts on the build

Claims checked

13012 supported

12 supported · 118 not

Correspondence

0received

consent field ships in Phase 4

Edges

349

derivations recorded for this entity

Complete over 23 sources, 1 compilation, and 30 decisions.Not here: the private journal (never).Working material — drafts, discards, unsupported claims — is listed below and readable on the working page.Cite: psychedex.org/substances/3-fa/archive

2Build

one panel per compilation run

generation run 2026-05-07

53 min completedmodel pipeline-v5plan not recordedrun/fb3444f6…

Selection

results seen96

selected by the model36

consumed as sources23

Verification

claims checked130

supported8

partially supported4

not supported0

inconclusive118

record
seen / partial
working

The model's own caveats

sparse_evidence
structural_inference
safety_data_unverified

Reproduce

inputs: 23 source keys (listed under Sources)
plan: not recorded — template version, prompt hash and git SHA are written from 2026-09 onward
model: pipeline-v5
streams: none — agent transcripts are persisted from 2026-09 onward

23 searches — query, source, results, what was kept and why

23 searches for this run
#	source	query	seen	kept	rationale
1	PubChem	3-fluoroamphetamine	1	1	Primary chemical identity verification
2	PubMed	fluoroamphetamine monoamine releaser dopamine serotonin norepinephrine	4	3	Core pharmacological characterization and in vivo behavior data for PAL-353
3	ClinicalTrials.gov · absence	3-fluoroamphetamine PAL-353 cocaine	0	0	No active or completed trials; gap documented
4	OpenAlex	3-fluoroamphetamine PAL-353 pharmacology	3	1	High-citation in vivo pharmacodynamic data with DA and 5-HT microdialysis in rat nucleus accumbens
5	PubMed	fluoroamphetamine monoamine transporter binding affinity	1	1	Included as class-level comparator for fluoroamphetamine pharmacology
6	PubMed	PAL-353 3-fluoroamphetamine cocaine use disorder treatment	1	0	Duplicate of already-identified paper
7	PubMed	3-fluoroamphetamine pharmacology	3	3	All directly relevant to 3-FA pharmacology, administration, and PK
8	PubMed	Rothman Baumann PAL-353 amphetamine analog monoamine releaser	8	3	Additional preclinical behavior and neurochemistry papers using PAL-353 as reference compound
9	PsychonautWiki	—	1	2	Community consensus dose/duration data cross-reference
10	WebSearch	3-FA 3-fluoroamphetamine DAT NET SERT EC50 release Ki binding affinity transporter	10	1	Identified EC50 values for DAT and NET; need primary source verification
11	WebSearch	3-fluoroamphetamine legal status UK US EU Canada Australia scheduling 2025	10	2	Legal status verification for multiple jurisdictions
12	PubMed	indirect chiral separation amphetamine derivatives GC HPLC psychoactive compounds novel	1	1	Analytical/forensic chemistry data confirming 3-FA has chiral center; characterization of positional isomers
13	ClinicalTrials.gov · absence	3-fluoroamphetamine PAL-353 cocaine	0	0	Confirmed no clinical trials for 3-FA as of 2026
14	PubMed	fluoroamphetamine intoxication death adverse effects heart cardiac	1	1	Important adverse event/toxicity data for fluoroamphetamine class; establishes cardiovascular and CNS risks
15	UNODC LSS	—	1	2	Official chemical identifier verification
16	PubMed	4-fluoroamphetamine pharmacokinetics human controlled study oral ingestion	3	2	Useful comparative PK data for the fluoroamphetamine class; 3-FA has no human PK studies
17	PubMed	amphetamine trace amine associated receptor TAAR1 agonist psychostimulant monoamine	4	2	TAAR1 mechanism for amphetamine class; class-level inference for 3-FA
18	WebSearch	3-fluoroamphetamine Australia TGA scheduled poison amphetamine analog	10	2	Australian/NZ legal status
19	PubMed	stimulant drug overdose treatment emergency management amphetamine toxicity	3	2	Emergency management protocols for amphetamine-class toxicity - relevant to 3-FA overdose
20	PMC	PAL-353 EC50 values dopamine norepinephrine serotonin	1	3	Critical pharmacological data confirming mechanism of action and transporter selectivity
21	WebSearch	3-fluoroamphetamine history synthesis research chemical market first appearance	10	2	Historical context for 3-FA appearance
22	WebSearch	3-FA 3-fluoroamphetamine DAT NET SERT EC50 release Ki binding affinity transporter	10	1	Cross-reference verification of pharmacological data
23	WebSearch	3-fluoroamphetamine Canada CDSA controlled drug substances	10	1	Canadian legal status - unresolved, flagged

130 claims by section — every cited sentence, checked against its source

pharmacology30 · 2 ok

Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Anchondo et al. (2025) demonstrated in mice and rats that 3-FA produces locomotor stimulation comparable to methamphetamine (peak locomotor counts: 5905–7758, similar to methamphetamine peak response) and fully substitutes for methamphetamine in drug discrimination with ED₅₀ = 0.32–0.71 mg/kg.supported
3-FA showed peak locomotor effects similar to methamphetamine. All compounds produced time- and dose-dependent locomotor stimulation (ED50 0.38-7.38 mg/kg) and fully substituted for methamphetamine in discriminative stimulus tests (ED50 0.32-0.71 mg/kg). j.jpet.2025.103617
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
By class analogy with 4-fluoroamphetamine — the closest positional-isomer with published human metabolic data — fluoroamphetamines are expected to undergo beta-hydroxylation (yielding fluorophenylpropanolamines) and aromatic ring hydroxylation followed by glucuronide conjugationsupported
Three metabolites: two diastereomers of 4-fluorophenylpropanolamine and one ring-hydroxylated 4-FA (conjugated). Two metabolic pathways identified. j.jpba.2019.113008

safety18 · 4 ok

Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Management centers on benzodiazepines as first-line therapy for agitation and seizure threshold protection, active cooling for hyperthermia, and avoidance of beta-blockers (which risk unopposed alpha-adrenergic vasoconstriction). Antipsychotics carry seizure risk and QT prolongation risk and are not preferred first-line agents.supported
Antipsychotics discouraged due to lowered seizure threshold, QT prolongation, and decreased heat dissipation. Benzodiazepines recommended first-line. j.ajem.2019.01.001
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Anchondo et al. (2025) noted that fluorinated amphetamine analogs as a class have been associated with heart failure, cerebral hemorrhage, and death, though these adverse events have been documented primarily for 4-fa — including fatal intoxications involving 4-FA in combination with other substancespartially supported
Six fatalities from combination of 4-FA and 25C-NBOMe over 9 months. Four drug-caused deaths; postmortem 4-FA blood concentrations 330-682 ng/mL. Agitation, seizures, pulmonary/cerebral edema. bkac059
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
The compound's high DA/NE selectivity with minimal serotonin activity means it lacks the self-limiting serotonergic component that reduces reinforcing efficacy in mdma-like compounds — elevated synaptic serotonin attenuates dopaminergic reinforcement, a brake absent in 3-FAsupported
Lower 5-HT:DA ratio = higher reinforcing efficacy. pmid:15677348
Anchondo et al. (2025) concluded that 3-FA's abuse potential is "comparable to that of methamphetamine".supported
Results indicate abuse potential comparable to methamphetamine. j.jpet.2025.103617
Claim in safety — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

summary18 · 3 ok

Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
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Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
It was investigated as a candidate agonist pharmacotherapy for cocaine use disorder, demonstrating reduced cocaine self-administration in non-human primates and a pharmacokinetic profile suitable for transdermal deliverypartially supported
DA/NE-selective releasers have different cocaine-choice profiles versus serotonergic releasers. fbp.0b013e32834d63ac
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in summary — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
In rhesus monkey self-administration paradigms, 3-FA maintains positive reinforcement comparable to other dopamine-selective amphetamine analogs, and its abuse potential has been assessed as comparable to methamphetamine. tolerance develops through anticipated dopaminergic downregulation, though no substance-specific tolerance studies have been publishedpartially supported
All analogs positive reinforcers in rhesus monkeys. Lower 5-HT:DA ratio = higher reinforcing efficacy. pmid:15677348
In rhesus monkey self-administration paradigms, 3-FA maintains positive reinforcement comparable to other dopamine-selective amphetamine analogs, and its abuse potential has been assessed as comparable to methamphetamine. tolerance develops through anticipated dopaminergic downregulation, though no substance-specific tolerance studies have been publishedpartially supported
3-FA showed peak locomotor effects similar to methamphetamine. Results indicate abuse potential comparable to methamphetamine. j.jpet.2025.103617

history16 · 0 ok

Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
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Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in history — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

clinical-evidence12 · 0 ok

Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in clinical-evidence — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

comparative-pharmacology12 · 2 ok

Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
In drug discrimination studies, 3-FA fully substitutes for methamphetamine with comparable potency (ED₅₀ = 0.32–0.71 mg/kg)supported
All compounds produced time- and dose-dependent locomotor stimulation (ED50 0.38-7.38 mg/kg) and fully substituted for methamphetamine in discriminative stimulus tests (ED50 0.32-0.71 mg/kg). j.jpet.2025.103617
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Peak locomotor stimulation in mice is equivalent between 3-FA and methamphetamine (5905–7758 counts).supported
3-FA showed peak locomotor effects similar to methamphetamine. j.jpet.2025.103617
Claim in comparative-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

pharmacokinetic-detail8 · 0 ok

Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in pharmacokinetic-detail — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

neuroscience6 · 0 ok

Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in neuroscience — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

chemistry4 · 0 ok

Claim in chemistry — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in chemistry — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in chemistry — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in chemistry — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

receptor-pharmacology4 · 0 ok

Claim in receptor-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in receptor-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in receptor-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
Claim in receptor-pharmacology — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →

legal-status2 · 1 ok

Claim in legal-status — inconclusiveinconclusiveworking →
3-FA's structural relationship to amphetamine (differing only by a fluorine atom at the meta ring position) and its pharmacological similarity (potent DA/NE releaser with methamphetamine-comparable behavioral effects) make it a strong candidate for prosecution under analogue provisions in jurisdictions that employ themsupported
3-FA showed peak locomotor effects similar to methamphetamine. Results indicate abuse potential comparable to methamphetamine. All compounds fully substituted for methamphetamine in discriminative stimulus tests. j.jpet.2025.103617

3Sources

23 consumed · sorted by year · feeds = sections resting on it

Sources
year	source	tier	status	feeds
2025	3-Fluoroamphetamine - WikipediaWikipedia contributorsurl:eddf83281b4df41a	weak	consumed	cited only
2025	Locomotor and discriminative stimulus effects of fluorinated analogs of amphetamine and methamphetamine in mice and ratsAnchondo O, Shetty RA, Gatch MB · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeuticsdoi:10.1016/j.jpet.2025.103617	moderate	consumed	5 sections
2024	Substance Details: 3-FluoroamphetamineUNODC Laboratory and Scientific Serviceurl:0df75d69a33df585	weak	consumed	cited only
2023	Fatal Intoxications from a Combination of 4-Fluoroamphetamine and 25C-NBOMeGerostamoulos D, Glowacki L, Pricone M, Crump K, Di Rago M, Joubert S, Lynch MJ, Woodford NW, Drummer OH · Journal of Analytical Toxicologydoi:10.1093/jat/bkac059	weak	consumed	1 section
2020	Excretion of 4-fluoroamphetamine and three metabolites in urine after controlled oral ingestionToennes SW, Schneider D, Pogoda W, Paulke A, Wunder C, Theunissen EL, de Sousa Fernandes Perna EB, Ramaekers JG · Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysisdoi:10.1016/j.jpba.2019.113008	strong	consumed	1 section
2020	The pharmacokinetics of 3-fluoroamphetamine following delivery using clinically relevant routes of administrationJiang Y, Ray A, Junaid MSA, Bhattaccharjee SA, Kelley K, Banga AK, Blough BE, Murnane KS · Drug Delivery and Translational Researchdoi:10.1007/s13346-019-00685-4	moderate	consumed	4 sections
2019	Antipsychotics for the treatment of sympathomimetic toxicity: A systematic reviewConnors NJ, Alsakha A, Larocque A, Hoffman RS, Landry T, Gosselin S · American Journal of Emergency Medicinedoi:10.1016/j.ajem.2019.01.001	strong	consumed	1 section
2019	Pharmacokinetic properties of 4-fluoroamphetamine in serum and oral fluid after oral ingestionToennes SW, Schneider D, Pogoda W, Paulke A, Wunder C, Theunissen EL, Kuypers KPC, de Sousa Fernandes Perna E, Ramaekers JG · Drug Testing and Analysisdoi:10.1002/dta.2595	strong	consumed	1 section
2017	Effects of chemical and physical enhancement techniques on transdermal delivery of 3-fluoroamphetamine hydrochloridePuri A, Murnane KS, Blough BE, Banga AK · International Journal of Pharmaceuticsdoi:10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.06.041	moderate	consumed	3 sections
2017	Indirect chiral separation of 8 novel amphetamine derivatives as potential new psychoactive compounds by GC-MS and HPLCWeiss JA, Kadkhodaei K, Schmid MG · Science & Justicedoi:10.1016/j.scijus.2016.08.007	moderate	consumed	1 section
2015	4-Fluoroamphetamine in the Netherlands: more than a one-night standLinsen F, Koning RP, van Laar M, Niesink RJ, Koeter MW, Brunt TM · Addictiondoi:10.1111/add.12932	moderate	consumed	1 section
2015	Monoamine transporter and receptor interaction profiles of novel psychoactive substances: para-halogenated amphetamines and pyrovalerone cathinonesRickli A, Hoener MC, Liechti ME · European Neuropsychopharmacologydoi:10.1016/j.euroneuro.2014.12.012	strong	consumed	cited only
2013	Interaction between behavioral and pharmacological treatment strategies to decrease cocaine choice in rhesus monkeysBanks ML, Blough BE, Negus SS · Neuropsychopharmacologydoi:10.1038/npp.2012.193	moderate	consumed	2 sections
2012	Brain-specific overexpression of trace amine-associated receptor 1 alters monoaminergic neurotransmission and decreases sensitivity to amphetamineRevel FG, Meyer CA, Bradaia A, et al. · Neuropsychopharmacologydoi:10.1038/npp.2012.109	moderate	consumed	2 sections
2011	Effects of monoamine releasers with varying selectivity for releasing dopamine/norepinephrine versus serotonin on choice between cocaine and food in rhesus monkeysBanks ML, Blough BE, Negus SS · Behavioural Pharmacologydoi:10.1097/fbp.0b013e32834d63ac	moderate	consumed	cited only
2011	In vivo effects of amphetamine analogs reveal evidence for serotonergic inhibition of mesolimbic dopamine transmission in the ratBaumann MH, Clark RD, Woolverton WL, Wee S, Blough BE, Rothman RB · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeuticsdoi:10.1124/jpet.110.176271	moderate	consumed	6 sections
2009	Behavioral and neurochemical effects of amphetamine analogs that release monoamines in the squirrel monkeyKimmel HL, Manvich DF, Blough BE, Negus SS, Howell LL · Pharmacology, Biochemistry, and Behaviordoi:10.1016/j.pbb.2009.09.007	moderate	consumed	2 sections
2009	Changes in feeding and locomotion induced by amphetamine analogs in ratsWellman PJ, Davis KW, Clifford PS, Rothman RB, Blough BE · Drug and Alcohol Dependencedoi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2008.10.005	moderate	consumed	2 sections
2008	Review article: amphetamines and related drugs of abuseGreene SL, Kerr F, Braitberg G · Emergency Medicine Australasiadoi:10.1111/j.1742-6723.2008.01114.x	moderate	consumed	1 section
2007	Monoamine releasers with varying selectivity for dopamine/norepinephrine versus serotonin release as candidate agonist medications for cocaine dependenceNegus SS, Mello NK, Blough BE, Baumann MH, Rothman RB · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeuticspmid:17071819	moderate	consumed	3 sections
2007	Rhesus monkey trace amine-associated receptor 1 signaling: enhancement by monoamine transporters and attenuation by the D2 autoreceptor in vitroXie Z, Westmoreland SV, Bahn ME, et al. · The Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeuticspmid:17234900	moderate	consumed	1 section
2005	Relationship between the serotonergic activity and reinforcing effects of a series of amphetamine analogsWee S, Anderson KG, Baumann MH, Rothman RB, Blough BE, Woolverton WL · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeuticspmid:15677348	strong	consumed	6 sections
1965	Psychotropic drugs (2). Interaction between monoamine oxidase (MAO) inhibitors and other substancesSjöqvist F · Proceedings of the Royal Society of Medicinepmid:4952963	moderate	consumed	1 section
—	Searched ClinicalTrials.gov for "3-fluoroamphetamine PAL-353 cocaine" — no resultsabsence		no results	—
—	Searched ClinicalTrials.gov for "3-fluoroamphetamine PAL-353 cocaine" — no resultsabsence		no results	—

4Docket

one filing per activity — decisions, correspondence, reports

0012026-05-07revisionRevision 1
Initial LLM generation (v5 pipeline, wiki, prose phase)
psx:substance/3-fa/version/1
0022026-06-04proposal28 value proposals approved together
one review action inferred from a shared reviewer and instant — the graph records one activity per proposal
28 items in this filing
- contraindication · cardiovascular
- contraindication · other
- contraindication · neurological
- contraindication · metabolic
- contraindication · pregnancy_breastfeeding
- contraindication · psychiatric
- dose_tier · threshold
- dose_tier · light
- dose_tier · common
- dose_tier · strong
- dose_tier · heavy
- timeline · oral · onset
- timeline · oral · come_up
- timeline · oral · peak
- timeline · oral · resolution
- timeline · oral · afterglow
- toxicity
- dependence · full
- withdrawal
- tolerance
- dosage · oral
- duration · oral · onset
- duration · oral · come_up
- duration · oral · peak
- duration · oral · offset
- duration · oral · total
- duration · oral · aftereffects
psx:substance/3-fa/proposal/contraindication/cf99f91e-556c-4123-a0d0-0d1396ed10ff
0032026-06-04publicationPublication — backfill
psx:substance/3-fa/pub/fda88b4f-31b2-4d6f-835b-374b56aedc92

5Issued documents

what the notice, info card and emergency page said, by hash

Issued documents
document	content hash	issued	from version	superseded
info_card	95c3715765a1a348ea2df9e8…	2026-10-19 20:29	Revision 1	current
emergency	58d3299a8754d788e3d74c0e…	2026-09-04 04:27	Revision 1	current
info_card	ae626d1cc0eb4af256fe1645…	2026-09-04 04:27	Revision 1	superseded2026-10-19
notice	30f1d10736267a45d7bb2603…	2026-09-04 04:27	Revision 1	current

3-FA

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generation run 2026-05-07

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5Issued documents

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