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Sources
19
3 strong · 8 moderate · 8 weak

Studies and references cited across this article, graded by evidence strength.

Values approved
112/115 (97%)

Data points an editor reviewed and accepted for publication.

01

Value Provenance

Dosing

oraltrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Threshold5 mg5 mglow
Low15–30 mg15–30 mglow
Common30–50 mg30–50 mglow
Strong50–60 mg50–60 mglow
Heavy60+ mg60+ mglow
Editorial

Values from existing DB / community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No published human dosing study exists. Dose ranges are consistent with amphetamine class — common range (30-50 mg) overlaps with therapeutic racemic amphetamine doses. Work-notes confirm these values with low confidence. All dose ranges are safety-critical and unverified against published clinical data.

Reasoning

Values from existing DB / community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No published human dosing study exists. Dose ranges are consistent with amphetamine class — common range (30-50 mg) overlaps with therapeutic racemic amphetamine doses. Work-notes confirm these values with low confidence. All dose ranges are safety-critical and unverified against published clinical data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Duration

oral

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Offsettrace1–1.5 hours1–1.5 hourslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Matches existing DB seed data. No published data.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Matches existing DB seed data. No published data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Onsettrace15–30 minutes15–30 minuteslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Matches existing DB seed data. No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Consistent with amphetamine class oral onset.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Matches existing DB seed data. No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Consistent with amphetamine class oral onset.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Come uptrace15–30 minutes15–30 minuteslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Matches existing DB seed data. No published data.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Matches existing DB seed data. No published data.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Peaktrace1–2 hours1–2 hourslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Matches existing DB seed data. Notably shorter than 4-FA or amphetamine peak duration — no pharmacokinetic explanation published.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Matches existing DB seed data. Notably shorter than 4-FA or amphetamine peak duration — no pharmacokinetic explanation published.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Totaltrace2–4 hours2–4 hourslow
Editorial

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Matches existing DB seed data. Total subjective duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine (4-6 hours). No PK explanation published.

Reasoning

Community consensus (PsychonautWiki). Matches existing DB seed data. Total subjective duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine (4-6 hours). No PK explanation published.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

After effectstrace2–6 hours2–6 hourslow
Editorial

Work-notes specify 2-6 hours aftereffects from class inference — post-stimulant fatigue, dysphoria. Not specifically documented for 2-FA. Inferred from amphetamine class recovery pattern.

Reasoning

Work-notes specify 2-6 hours aftereffects from class inference — post-stimulant fatigue, dysphoria. Not specifically documented for 2-FA. Inferred from amphetamine class recovery pattern.

Evidence basis: structural_analogy

Safety

Toxicity Profiletrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Acutemoderatemoderatelow
Chronicmoderatemoderatelow
Organs Affectedcardiovascular, central nervous system, hepaticcardiovascular, central nervous system, hepaticlow
Editorial

Work-notes: acute=moderate, chronic=moderate (no data, inferred from amphetamine class). Evidence class is class extrapolation from amphetamine + 1 fatal polydrug case report + 3 DUID cases. Per evidence discount rule, class-extrapolated evidence → confidence low. Reference compound: amphetamine. Hepatic listed as affected organ per work-notes flag on para-halogenation hepatotoxicity data gap, though ortho-halogenation untested.

Reasoning

Work-notes: acute=moderate, chronic=moderate (no data, inferred from amphetamine class). Evidence class is class extrapolation from amphetamine + 1 fatal polydrug case report + 3 DUID cases. Per evidence discount rule, class-extrapolated evidence → confidence low. Reference compound: amphetamine. Hepatic listed as affected organ per work-notes flag on para-halogenation hepatotoxicity data gap, though ortho-halogenation untested.

Evidence basis: structural_analogy

Dependence Profiletrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Physicalmoderatemoderatelow
Psychologicalmoderatemoderatelow
Compulsive Redosinghighhighlow
Dose Escalationmoderatemoderatelow
Editorial

Work-notes: physical=moderate, psychological=moderate, compulsive redosing=moderate-to-high (rounded to high given short duration + meth-like interoception), dose escalation=moderate. All values are community consensus supported by one rodent discriminative stimulus study (Anchondo 2025). No human dependence data. Reference compound: amphetamine.

Reasoning

Work-notes: physical=moderate, psychological=moderate, compulsive redosing=moderate-to-high (rounded to high given short duration + meth-like interoception), dose escalation=moderate. All values are community consensus supported by one rodent discriminative stimulus study (Anchondo 2025). No human dependence data. Reference compound: amphetamine.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Withdrawal Profiletrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Severitymildmildlow
SymptomsFatigue, Hypersomnia, Increased appetite, Dysphoria, Psychomotor retardationFatigue, Hypersomnia, Increased appetite, Dysphoria, Psychomotor retardationlow
FatalNoNolow
Medical SupervisionNot requiredNot requiredlow
Editorial

Class inference from amphetamine withdrawal. Work-notes specify mild-to-moderate severity (conservatively coded as mild), onset 12-24 hours, duration 3-7 days. No 2-FA-specific withdrawal data exist. Amphetamine withdrawal is not medically dangerous but can be functionally debilitating.

Reasoning

Class inference from amphetamine withdrawal. Work-notes specify mild-to-moderate severity (conservatively coded as mild), onset 12-24 hours, duration 3-7 days. No 2-FA-specific withdrawal data exist. Amphetamine withdrawal is not medically dangerous but can be functionally debilitating.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Tolerance Profiletrace

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Buildupmoderatemoderatelow
Half-life5 days5 dayslow
Full Reset5.5 days5.5 dayslow
Cross-tolerancesamphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, cocaine, dopaminergic stimulantsamphetamine, methamphetamine, methylphenidate, cocaine, dopaminergic stimulantslow
Editorial

Work-notes: buildup=moderate, half-life=5 days, full reset=5.5 days. All values from community consensus (TripSit/PsychonautWiki), not published 2-FA studies. Cross-tolerances expanded from seed data 'dopamine, stimulant' to specific compound names per work-notes. Reference compound: amphetamine.

Reasoning

Work-notes: buildup=moderate, half-life=5 days, full reset=5.5 days. All values from community consensus (TripSit/PsychonautWiki), not published 2-FA studies. Cross-tolerances expanded from seed data 'dopamine, stimulant' to specific compound names per work-notes. Reference compound: amphetamine.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Effects & Profile

Contraindications

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
metabolic Hyperthyroidismtracerelativerelativelow
Editorial

Class-level relative contraindication inherited from amphetamine. Work-notes list moderate confidence.

Reasoning

Class-level relative contraindication inherited from amphetamine. Work-notes list moderate confidence.

other Concurrent MAOI usetraceabsoluteabsolutehigh
Editorial

Class-level absolute contraindication for all amphetamine-type monoamine releasing agents. Mechanism universally established; no substance-specific override possible. Work-notes list this as high confidence at class level.

Reasoning

Class-level absolute contraindication for all amphetamine-type monoamine releasing agents. Mechanism universally established; no substance-specific override possible. Work-notes list this as high confidence at class level.

cardiovascular Severe cardiovascular diseasetraceabsoluteabsolutemedium
Editorial

Class-level absolute contraindication inherited from amphetamine. Sympathomimetic cardiovascular toxidrome is the primary acute risk identified in the article prose and research output.

Reasoning

Class-level absolute contraindication inherited from amphetamine. Sympathomimetic cardiovascular toxidrome is the primary acute risk identified in the article prose and research output.

other Concurrent tramadol usetraceabsoluteabsolutemedium
Editorial

Work-notes list this as absolute contraindication with moderate confidence. Lethal designation from community interaction databases (TripSit). Pharmacological mechanism is sound but no 2-FA-specific case data exist.

Reasoning

Work-notes list this as absolute contraindication with moderate confidence. Lethal designation from community interaction databases (TripSit). Pharmacological mechanism is sound but no 2-FA-specific case data exist.

neurological Seizure disorderstracerelativerelativelow
Editorial

Class-level relative contraindication from amphetamine. Work-notes list moderate confidence. Seizure threshold reduction is included in the seed effect profile.

Reasoning

Class-level relative contraindication from amphetamine. Work-notes list moderate confidence. Seizure threshold reduction is included in the seed effect profile.

psychiatric Anxiety disorderstracerelativerelativelow
Editorial

Class-level relative contraindication. Work-notes list moderate confidence. Consistent with article prose describing anxiety predominance at strong/heavy doses.

Reasoning

Class-level relative contraindication. Work-notes list moderate confidence. Consistent with article prose describing anxiety predominance at strong/heavy doses.

psychiatric Psychotic spectrum conditionstracerelativerelativemedium
Editorial

Class-level relative contraindication with high confidence at the class level. Work-notes rate this as well-established. Downgraded to medium for 2-FA specifically due to absence of substance-specific data.

Reasoning

Class-level relative contraindication with high confidence at the class level. Work-notes rate this as well-established. Downgraded to medium for 2-FA specifically due to absence of substance-specific data.

pregnancy breastfeeding Pregnancytracerelativerelativelow
Editorial

Class-level relative contraindication. Work-notes list moderate confidence. No 2-FA-specific reproductive data; entirely inferred from amphetamine class.

Reasoning

Class-level relative contraindication. Work-notes list moderate confidence. No 2-FA-specific reproductive data; entirely inferred from amphetamine class.

hepatic Hepatic impairmenttracerelativerelativelow
Editorial

Work-notes list low confidence — entirely inferred from predicted metabolic pathway and para-isomer hepatotoxicity data. No 2-FA-specific hepatic data exist.

Reasoning

Work-notes list low confidence — entirely inferred from predicted metabolic pathway and para-isomer hepatotoxicity data. No 2-FA-specific hepatic data exist.

Timeline Phases

oral

FieldPublishedAI ProposedConfidence
Onsettrace600–1800 sec(i=0.15)600–1800 sec(i=0.15)low
Editorial

All timeline phases from community consensus data (PsychonautWiki). No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Work-notes specify onset (0-15 min), come_up (15-30 min), peak (30-120 min), offset (120-180 min), afterglow (180-360 min). Duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine — no PK explanation published. Afterglow described as recovery period, not positive residual effects.

Reasoning

All timeline phases from community consensus data (PsychonautWiki). No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Work-notes specify onset (0-15 min), come_up (15-30 min), peak (30-120 min), offset (120-180 min), afterglow (180-360 min). Duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine — no PK explanation published. Afterglow described as recovery period, not positive residual effects.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Come uptrace900–1800 sec(i=0.50)900–1800 sec(i=0.50)low
Editorial

All timeline phases from community consensus data (PsychonautWiki). No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Work-notes specify onset (0-15 min), come_up (15-30 min), peak (30-120 min), offset (120-180 min), afterglow (180-360 min). Duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine — no PK explanation published. Afterglow described as recovery period, not positive residual effects.

Reasoning

All timeline phases from community consensus data (PsychonautWiki). No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Work-notes specify onset (0-15 min), come_up (15-30 min), peak (30-120 min), offset (120-180 min), afterglow (180-360 min). Duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine — no PK explanation published. Afterglow described as recovery period, not positive residual effects.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Peaktrace3600–7200 sec(i=1.00)3600–7200 sec(i=1.00)low
Editorial

All timeline phases from community consensus data (PsychonautWiki). No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Work-notes specify onset (0-15 min), come_up (15-30 min), peak (30-120 min), offset (120-180 min), afterglow (180-360 min). Duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine — no PK explanation published. Afterglow described as recovery period, not positive residual effects.

Reasoning

All timeline phases from community consensus data (PsychonautWiki). No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Work-notes specify onset (0-15 min), come_up (15-30 min), peak (30-120 min), offset (120-180 min), afterglow (180-360 min). Duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine — no PK explanation published. Afterglow described as recovery period, not positive residual effects.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Resolutiontrace3600–5400 sec(i=0.40)3600–5400 sec(i=0.40)low
Editorial

All timeline phases from community consensus data (PsychonautWiki). No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Work-notes specify onset (0-15 min), come_up (15-30 min), peak (30-120 min), offset (120-180 min), afterglow (180-360 min). Duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine — no PK explanation published. Afterglow described as recovery period, not positive residual effects.

Reasoning

All timeline phases from community consensus data (PsychonautWiki). No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Work-notes specify onset (0-15 min), come_up (15-30 min), peak (30-120 min), offset (120-180 min), afterglow (180-360 min). Duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine — no PK explanation published. Afterglow described as recovery period, not positive residual effects.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Afterglowtrace7200–21600 sec(i=0.15)7200–21600 sec(i=0.15)low
Editorial

All timeline phases from community consensus data (PsychonautWiki). No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Work-notes specify onset (0-15 min), come_up (15-30 min), peak (30-120 min), offset (120-180 min), afterglow (180-360 min). Duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine — no PK explanation published. Afterglow described as recovery period, not positive residual effects.

Reasoning

All timeline phases from community consensus data (PsychonautWiki). No published pharmacokinetic study for 2-FA. Work-notes specify onset (0-15 min), come_up (15-30 min), peak (30-120 min), offset (120-180 min), afterglow (180-360 min). Duration notably shorter than expected from structural analogy with amphetamine — no PK explanation published. Afterglow described as recovery period, not positive residual effects.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

Dose Tier Summaries

thresholdtrace
low

At approximately 5 mg oral, 2-FA produces barely perceptible stimulation — a subtle increase in wakefulness and alertness without clear cognitive enhancement or mood elevation. Most users report minimal subjective change at this level, with effects easily attributable to placebo or expectation. Physical effects are negligible. No appreciable cardiovascular activation, appetite suppression, or pupil dilation is expected at threshold doses. The experience is sub-functional and primarily useful for assessing individual sensitivity before titrating upward. Duration at threshold is brief, typically resolving within 1–2 hours. Sleep disruption is unlikely at this dose level.

Editorial

Work-notes outline: 'Barely perceptible stimulation at 5 mg oral.' All values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No published human dosing study. Threshold consistent with amphetamine class.

Reasoning

Work-notes outline: 'Barely perceptible stimulation at 5 mg oral.' All values from community consensus (PsychonautWiki). No published human dosing study. Threshold consistent with amphetamine class.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

lighttrace
low

At 15–30 mg oral, 2-FA produces mild functional stimulation. Wakefulness becomes noticeable, with subtle focus enhancement and a slight sharpening of attention. Thought acceleration is minimal. Cognitive euphoria is absent or barely perceptible — the experience is utilitarian rather than hedonic. Physical effects remain mild. Slight appetite suppression may emerge. Cardiovascular changes (heart rate, blood pressure) are minimal at this range. Pupil dilation is possible but subtle. Side effects such as bruxism, muscle tension, or excessive sweating are uncommon at light doses. Comparable in character to a low therapeutic dose of amphetamine. Duration is 2–3 hours. Sleep disruption is unlikely if taken early in the day.

Editorial

Work-notes outline: 'Mild functional stimulation at 15-30 mg oral.' Community consensus values from PsychonautWiki. No published human dosing data. Consistent with amphetamine class dose-response.

Reasoning

Work-notes outline: 'Mild functional stimulation at 15-30 mg oral.' Community consensus values from PsychonautWiki. No published human dosing data. Consistent with amphetamine class dose-response.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

commontrace
low

At 30–50 mg oral, 2-FA produces its characteristic stimulant profile. Focus enhancement, motivation enhancement, and thought acceleration are clearly present. Wakefulness is pronounced. Cognitive euphoria is possible but described as modest — a mild sense of clarity and drive rather than overt pleasure. The experience is consistently described as functional rather than recreational. Appetite suppression is moderate. Heart rate elevation becomes noticeable. Mild excessive sweating, dehydration sensation, and pupil dilation are common. Bruxism and muscle tension may appear but are less prominent than with more serotonergic stimulants like 4-FA. This is the dose range most commonly reported for productive use. Total duration is 2–4 hours, with the short duration creating potential temptation to redose. Insomnia is possible if taken in the afternoon or evening.

Editorial

Work-notes outline: 'Clear stimulant profile at 30-50 mg oral; pronounced focus enhancement, motivation, thought acceleration.' Community consensus dose range. No published clinical data. Functional character noted consistently in user reports.

Reasoning

Work-notes outline: 'Clear stimulant profile at 30-50 mg oral; pronounced focus enhancement, motivation, thought acceleration.' Community consensus dose range. No published clinical data. Functional character noted consistently in user reports.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

strongtrace
low

At 50–60 mg oral, 2-FA shifts toward side-effect dominance. Stimulation is pronounced but the desirable cognitive effects — focus enhancement, thought organization — do not scale proportionally with dose. Anxiety and restlessness become prominent. Cognitive euphoria, if present at common doses, does not meaningfully increase. Physical effects intensify: excessive sweating, muscle tension, insomnia, vasoconstriction, and elevated heart rate are common. Temperature dysregulation and headache may emerge. Appetite suppression is strong. The cardiovascular stress at this tier warrants caution in anyone with borderline cardiovascular health. Diminishing returns on desirable effects with increasing adverse effects define this tier. The compulsive redosing urge may be stronger due to the short duration, but escalating dose produces more side effects rather than greater reward.

Editorial

Work-notes outline: 'Pronounced stimulation at 50-60 mg oral with shift toward side-effect dominance.' Community consensus. Article prose confirms anxiety and overstimulation predominate at higher ranges. No published data at these doses.

Reasoning

Work-notes outline: 'Pronounced stimulation at 50-60 mg oral with shift toward side-effect dominance.' Community consensus. Article prose confirms anxiety and overstimulation predominate at higher ranges. No published data at these doses.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

heavytrace
low

Doses above 60 mg oral produce strong sympathomimetic activation with a high adverse-effect burden. Marked anxiety, paranoia potential, pronounced insomnia, vasoconstriction, and temperature dysregulation are expected. Cardiovascular stress is significant — tachycardia and hypertension may reach clinically concerning levels. Risk of stimulant psychosis increases substantially at this tier, particularly with prolonged use, repeated dosing, or concurrent sleep deprivation. Delusions and tactile hallucinations become possible under extreme conditions. The compulsive redosing urge may lead to cumulative dose escalation that compounds all risks. No published safety data exist at these doses. The exact toxic threshold is unknown. Heavy doses of 2-FA represent an uncharacterized risk space where acute cardiovascular emergencies and psychotic episodes become plausible outcomes.

Editorial

Work-notes outline: 'Doses above 60 mg oral produce strong sympathomimetic activation with high adverse-effect burden.' Community consensus only. Article prose explicitly states no published safety data at these doses. All risk assessments are class-level inference from amphetamine.

Reasoning

Work-notes outline: 'Doses above 60 mg oral produce strong sympathomimetic activation with high adverse-effect burden.' Community consensus only. Article prose explicitly states no published safety data at these doses. All risk assessments are class-level inference from amphetamine.

Evidence basis: community_consensus_large

02

History

current version
published Oct 2, 2026system—
versions
2 total · since previous: +1 / −1 citations

+ 2-Fluoroamphetamine - Wikipedia (2024)

− 2-Fluoroamphetamine - Wikipedia (Legal status section) (2024)

publication ledger

publish Oct 2, 2026

backfill Jun 4, 2026

Historical versions do not record which reviewer approved them; editorial accountability is recorded per value in the database and in the publication ledger going forward.

03

Sources

3 strong · 8 moderate · 8 weak
  1. [1]
    weak
    Identification and Quantitative Analysis of 2-Fluoromethamphetamine and Its Metabolites in Human Urine
    Ishii A, Sato K, Kusakabe K, Kato N, Wada T · 2023 · Journal of Analytical Toxicology
  2. [2]
    weak
    Isomers of fluoroamphetamines detected in forensic cases in Denmark
    Johansen SS, Hansen TM · 2012 · International Journal of Legal Medicine
  3. [3]
    moderate
    Locomotor and discriminative stimulus effects of fluorinated analogs of amphetamine and methamphetamine in mice and rats
    Anchondo O, Shetty RA, Gatch MB · 2025 · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
  4. [4]
    moderate
    Amphetamine and other weak bases act to promote reverse transport of dopamine in ventral midbrain neurons
    Sulzer D, Maidment NT, Rayport S · 1993 · Journal of Neurochemistry
    pubmed 8419534no claims checked
  5. [5]
    moderate
    Interaction of amphetamines and related compounds at the vesicular monoamine transporter
    Partilla JS, Dempsey AG, Nagpal AS, Blough BE, Baumann MH, Rothman RB · 2006 · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    pubmed 16835371no claims checked
  6. [6]
    strong
    Para-Halogenation Affects Monoamine Transporter Inhibition Properties and Hepatocellular Toxicity of Amphetamines and Methcathinones
    Luethi D, Walter M, Zhou X, Rudin D, Krähenbuhl S, Liechti ME · 2019 · Frontiers in Pharmacology
  7. [7]
    moderate
    The clinical toxicology of metamfetamine
    Schep LJ, Slaughter RJ, Beasley DM · 2010 · Clinical Toxicology
  8. [8]
    weak
    Organ distribution of diclazepam, pyrazolam and 3-fluorophenmetrazine
    Lehmann S, Sczyslo A, Froch-Cortis J, Rothschild MA, Thevis M, Andresen-Streichert H, Mercer-Chalmers-Bender K · 2019 · Forensic Science International
  9. [9]
    weak
    2-Fluoroamphetamine - Wikipedia
    2024
    linkno claims checked
  10. [10]
    weak
    UK Psychoactive Substances Act 2016
    2016
    linkno claims checked
  11. [11]
    moderate
    Indirect chiral separation of 8 novel amphetamine derivatives as potential new psychoactive compounds by GC-MS and HPLC
    Weiss JA, Kadkhodaei K, Schmid MG · 2017 · Science & Justice
  12. [12]
    weak
    NCATS Inxight Drugs: 2-Fluoroamphetamine (UNII: V8Q7K3989D)
    2025
    linkno claims checked
  13. [13]
    moderate
    Mass-Spectrometry-Based Identification of Synthetic Drug Isomers Using Infrared Ion Spectroscopy
    Kranenburg RF, van Geenen FAMG, Berden G, Oomens J, Martens J · 2020 · Analytical Chemistry
  14. [14]
    weak
    2-Fluoroamphetamine (hydrochloride) - Cayman Chemical
    2024
    linkno claims checked
  15. [15]
    strong
    Pharmacokinetic properties of 4-fluoroamphetamine in serum and oral fluid after oral ingestion
    Toennes SW, Schneider D, Pogoda W, Paulke A, Wunder C, Theunissen EL, Kuypers KPC, de Sousa Fernandes Perna E, Ramaekers JG · 2019 · Drug Testing and Analysis
  16. [16]
    strong
    Relationship between the serotonergic activity and reinforcing effects of a series of amphetamine analogs
    Wee S, Anderson KG, Baumann MH, Rothman RB, Blough BE, Woolverton WL · 2005 · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics
    pubmed 15677348no claims checked
  17. [17]
    moderate
    The designer methcathinone analogs, mephedrone and methylone, are substrates for monoamine transporters in brain tissue
    Baumann MH, Ayestas MA, Partilla JS, et al. · 2012 · Neuropsychopharmacology
  18. [18]
    moderate
    4-Fluoroamphetamine in the Netherlands: more than a one-night stand
    Linsen F, Koning RP, van Laar M, Niesink RJ, Koeter MW, Brunt TM · 2015 · Addiction
  19. [19]
    weak
    Postoperative Serotonin Syndrome: A Case Report Highlighting Dexmedetomidine for Refractory Symptoms
    Lopez BM, Shin W, Lopez MD · 2025 · Cureus
04

Claim Verification

No claim verification has run for this version.

05

Coverage & Gaps

effect links
85 links · 82 approved · 39 audited2/85 with evidence basis
interactions
10 approved pairs0/10 graded