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History

The history of psychoactive use, prohibition, and drug culture from ancient to modern.

How to Change Your Mind
Michael Pollan2018book

Mainstream bestseller covering the history and renaissance of psychedelic research. Follows clinical trials at Johns Hopkins and NYU, interviews researchers, and describes the author's own guided sessions.

Chasing the Scream: The First and Last Days of the War on Drugs
Johann Hari2015book

Narrative history of the war on drugs from Harry Anslinger to Portugal's decriminalization. Traces how drug policy has been shaped by racism, bureaucratic self-interest, and moral panic.

Alexander Shulgin
1925person

Chemist whose self-experiment reports in PiHKAL and TiHKAL are the only published human data for a large share of this corpus.

Albert Hofmann
1906person

Sandoz chemist who first synthesised LSD and characterised its effects; the origin of the primary-source record for the lysergamides.

Sandoz Laboratories
organization

Basel pharmaceutical company whose mid-century ergot programme produced the first LSD and psilocybin preparations and the earliest clinical literature on them.

The Immortality Key: The Secret History of the Religion with No Name↗
Brian C. Muraresku2020book

Archaeological investigation of psychoactive sacraments in ancient Greek and early Christian rituals. Examines chemical evidence for ergot-derived compounds in the Eleusinian Mysteries.

Poisoner in Chief: Sidney Gottlieb and the CIA Search for Mind Control↗
Stephen Kinzer2019book

Biography of the CIA chemist who ran MK-Ultra. Documents the agency's LSD experiments on unwitting subjects, connecting Cold War paranoia to the origins of drug prohibition.

Dopesick: Dealers, Doctors, and the Drug Company That Addicted America↗
Beth Macy2018book

Investigative account of the American opioid epidemic, tracing the pipeline from Purdue Pharma's marketing of OxyContin through rural addiction and death. Documents corporate malfeasance and regulatory failure.

Dreamland: The True Tale of America's Opiate Epidemic↗
Sam Quinones2015book

Investigative journalism tracing how OxyContin marketing and black tar heroin distribution converged to create the American opioid crisis. Documents the roles of pharmaceutical companies, doctors, and drug trafficking networks.

The Sunshine Makers↗
Cosmo Feilding-Mellen2015documentary

Documentary about Nicholas Sand and Tim Scully, the underground chemists who produced millions of doses of LSD in the 1960s. Documents the transition from legal to illegal manufacture.

Inside LSD↗
National Geographic2009documentary

National Geographic documentary covering LSD's history, pharmacology, and ongoing research. Includes interviews with researchers and footage from clinical settings.

The Encyclopedia of Psychoactive Plants: Ethnopharmacology and Its Applications↗
Christian Rätsch2005book

Comprehensive reference covering over 800 psychoactive plants. For each, provides botanical identification, chemistry, traditional use, preparation methods, and legal status.

Forces of Habit: Drugs and the Making of the Modern World↗
David T. Courtwright2001book

Global history of psychoactive commerce — how caffeine, tobacco, alcohol, opium, cannabis, and coca became entangled with colonialism, capitalism, and state power.

The Pursuit of Oblivion: A Global History of Narcotics↗
Richard Davenport-Hines2001book

Sweeping history of drug use and drug control from antiquity through the 20th century. Argues that prohibition has consistently failed on its own terms.

Cocaine: An Unauthorized Biography↗
Dominic Streatfeild2001book

Investigative history of cocaine covering its medical origins, the crack epidemic, the Colombia trade, and the CIA's involvement. Draws on extensive interviews and FOIA documents.

One River: Explorations and Discoveries in the Amazon Rain Forest↗
Wade Davis1996book

Narrative of Richard Evans Schultes' ethnobotanical fieldwork in the Amazon, told through the journeys of his student. Documents indigenous psychoactive plant knowledge and its systematic erosion.

Food of the Gods: The Search for the Original Tree of Knowledge↗
Terence McKenna1992book

McKenna's speculative history of psychoactive plant use in human evolution. The 'stoned ape' hypothesis remains unproven but the ethnobotanical survey is extensive.

Acid Dreams: The Complete Social History of LSD↗
Martin A. Lee & Bruce Shlain1985book

Investigative history covering LSD from CIA experiments through the counterculture to its prohibition. Draws on FOIA documents, interviews, and archival research.

LSD: My Problem Child↗
Albert Hofmann1980book

Albert Hofmann's first-person account of discovering LSD-25, its early clinical applications, and his reflections on its cultural trajectory. A primary historical document from the chemist who synthesized it.

Plants of the Gods: Their Sacred, Healing, and Hallucinogenic Powers↗
Richard Evans Schultes & Albert Hofmann1979book

Ethnobotanical survey of psychoactive plant use across cultures, by the father of ethnobotany and the discoverer of LSD. Richly illustrated with botanical and anthropological detail.

The Electric Kool-Aid Acid Test↗
Tom Wolfe1968book

New Journalism account of Ken Kesey and the Merry Pranksters' cross-country LSD odyssey. A primary document of 1960s psychedelic culture.

The Doors of Perception↗
Aldous Huxley1954book

Huxley's account of his first mescaline experience. Published before LSD entered the cultural mainstream, it framed psychedelics as tools for philosophical inquiry rather than recreation.

The Hasheesh Eater↗
Fitz Hugh Ludlow1857book

One of the earliest American accounts of cannabis use, written in the style of De Quincey. Documents both euphoria and paranoia with unusual candor for its era.

Confessions of an English Opium-Eater↗
Thomas De Quincey1821book

One of the earliest published accounts of opioid dependence and withdrawal. De Quincey's memoir shaped how Western culture understood addiction for over a century.

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